Fix a few compiler warnings and formatting for DB startup message (#272)

Note that the warning in TableData.cpp only seems to occur on clang (deprecated-declarations)

Database account/player count message:
Before: [INFO] Database in operation : Found 1 account(s) and 2 player(s)s
After: [INFO] Database in operation: Found 1 account and 2 players

.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+version.h

.github/workflows/check-builds.yaml

@@ -9,12 +9,13 @@ on:
         - CMakeLists.txt
         - Makefile
   pull_request:
-    types: ready_for_review
+    types: [opened, reopened, synchronize, ready_for_review]
     paths:
         - src/**
         - vendor/**
         - CMakeLists.txt
         - Makefile
+  workflow_dispatch:
 
 jobs:
   ubuntu-build:
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Upload build artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
         with:
-          name: 'ubuntu20_04-bin-x64-${{ env.SHORT_SHA }}'
+          name: 'ubuntu22_04-bin-x64-${{ env.SHORT_SHA }}'
           path: bin
 
   windows-build:
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ jobs:
 
   copy-artifacts:
     if: github.event_name != 'pull_request' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     needs: [windows-build, ubuntu-build]
     env:
       BOT_SSH_KEY: ${{ secrets.BOT_SSH_KEY }}

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Both are pretty short reads and following them will get you up to speed with bra
 
 I will now cover a few examples of the complications people have encountered contributing to this project, how to understand them, overcome them and henceforth avoid them.
 
-## Dirty pull requests
+### Dirty pull requests
 
 Many Pull Requests OpenFusion receives fail to present a clean set of commits to merge.
 These are generally either:
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ If you read the above links, you'll note that this isn't exactly a perfect solut
 The obvious issue, then, is that the people submitting dirty PRs are the exact people who don't *know* how to rebase their fork to continue submitting their work cleanly.
 So they end up creating countless merge commits when pulling upstream on top of their own incompatible histories, and then submitting those merge commits in their PRs and the cycle continues.
 
-## The details
+### The details
 
 A git commit is uniquely identified by its SHA1 hash.
 Its hash is generated from its contents, as well as the hash(es) of its parent commit(s).
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Its hash is generated from its contents, as well as the hash(es) of its parent c
 That means that even if two commits are exactly the same in terms of content, they're not the same commit if their parent commits differ (ex. if they've been rebased).
 So if you keep issuing `git pull`s after upstream has merged a rebased version of your PR, you will never re-synchronize with it, and will instead construct an alternate history polluted by pointless merge commits.
 
-## The solution
+### The solution
 
 If you already have a messed-up fork and you have no changes on it that you're afraid to lose, the solution is simple:
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ If you do have some committed changes that haven't yet been merged upstream, you
 If you do end up messing something up, don't worry, it most likely isn't really lost and `git reflog` is your friend.
 (You can checkout an arbitrary commit, and make it into its own branch with `git checkout -b BRANCH` or set a pre-exisitng branch to it with `git reset --hard COMMIT`)
 
-## Avoiding the problem
+### Avoiding the problem
 
 When working on a changeset you want to submit back upstream, don't do it on the main branch.
 Create a work branch just for your changeset with `git checkout -b work`.
@@ -81,3 +81,34 @@ That way you can always keep master in sync with upstream with `git pull --ff-on
 Creating new branches for the rebase isn't strictly necessary since you can always return a branch to its previous state with `git reflog`.
 
 For moving uncommited changes around between branches, `git stash` is a real blessing.
+
+## Code guidelines
+
+Alright, you're up to speed on Git and ready to go. Here are a few specific code guidelines to try and follow:
+
+### Match the styling
+
+Pretty straightforward, make sure your code looks similar to the code around it. Match whitespacing, bracket styling, variable naming conventions, etc.
+
+### Prefer short-circuiting
+
+To minimize branching complexity (as this makes the code hard to read), we prefer to keep the number of `if-else` statements as low as possible. One easy way to achieve this is by doing an early return after branching into an `if` block and then writing the code for the other path outside the block entirely. You can find examples of this in practically every source file. Note that in a few select situations, this might actually make your code less elegant, which is why this isn't a strict rule. Lean towards short-circuiting and use your better judgement.
+
+### Follow the include convention
+
+This one matters a lot as it can cause cyclic dependencies and other code-breaking issues.
+
+FOR HEADER FILES (.hpp):
+- everything you use IN THE HEADER must be EXPLICITLY INCLUDED with the exception of things that fall under Core.hpp
+- you may NOT include ANYTHING ELSE
+
+FOR SOURCE FILES (.cpp):
+- you can #include whatever you want as long as the partner header is included first
+- anything that gets included by another include is fair game
+- redundant includes are ok because they'll be harmless AS LONG AS our header files stay lean.
+
+The point of this is NOT to optimize the number of includes used all around or make things more efficient necessarily. it's to improve readability & coherence and make it easier to avoid cyclical issues.
+
+## When in doubt, ask
+
+If you still have questions that were not answered here, feel free to ping a dev in the Discord server or on GitHub.

LICENSE.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 MIT License
 
-Copyright (c) 2020-2023 OpenFusion Contributors
+Copyright (c) 2020-2024 OpenFusion Contributors
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

Makefile

@@ -95,8 +95,6 @@ CXXHDR=\
 	vendor/bcrypt/BCrypt.hpp\
 	vendor/INIReader.hpp\
 	vendor/JSON.hpp\
-	vendor/INIReader.hpp\
-	vendor/JSON.hpp\
 	src/Buffs.hpp\
 	src/Chat.hpp\
 	src/CustomCommands.hpp\

README.md

@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ OpenFusion is a reverse-engineered server for FusionFall. It primarily targets v
 
 ### Getting Started
 #### Method A: Installer (Easiest)
-1. Download the client installer by clicking [here](https://github.com/OpenFusionProject/OpenFusion/releases/download/1.4/OpenFusionClient-1.4-Installer.exe) - choose to run the file.
+1. Download the client installer by clicking [here](https://github.com/OpenFusionProject/OpenFusion/releases/download/1.5/OpenFusionClient-1.5-Installer.exe) - choose to run the file.
 2. After a few moments, the client should open: you will be given a choice between two public servers by default. Select the one you wish to play and click connect.
 3. To create an account, simply enter the details you wish to use at the login screen then click Log In. Do *not* click register, as this will just lead to a blank screen.
 4. Make a new character, and enjoy the game! Your progress will be saved automatically, and you can resume playing by entering the login details you used in step 3.
 
 #### Method B: Standalone .zip file
-1. Download the client from [here](https://github.com/OpenFusionProject/OpenFusion/releases/download/1.4/OpenFusionClient-1.4.zip).
+1. Download the client from [here](https://github.com/OpenFusionProject/OpenFusion/releases/download/1.5/OpenFusionClient-1.5.zip).
 2. Extract it to a folder of your choice. Note: if you are upgrading from an older version, it is preferable to start with a fresh folder rather than overwriting a previous install.
 3. Run OpenFusionClient.exe - you will be given a choice between two public servers by default. Select the one you wish to play and click connect.
 4. To create an account, simply enter the details you wish to use at the login screen then click Log In. Do *not* click register, as this will just lead to a blank screen.
@@ -28,8 +28,7 @@ OpenFusion is a reverse-engineered server for FusionFall. It primarily targets v
 Instructions for getting the client to run on Linux through Wine can be found [here](https://github.com/OpenFusionProject/OpenFusion/wiki/Running-the-game-client-on-Linux).
 
 ### Hosting a server
-
+1. Grab `OpenFusionServer-1.5-Original.zip` or `OpenFusionServer-1.5-Academy.zip` from [here](https://github.com/OpenFusionProject/OpenFusion/releases/tag/1.5).
-1. Grab `OpenFusionServer-1.4-original.zip` or `OpenFusionServer-1.4-academy.zip` from [here](https://github.com/OpenFusionProject/OpenFusion/releases/tag/1.4).
 2. Extract it to a folder of your choice, then run `winfusion.exe` (Windows) or `fusion` (Linux) to start the server.
 3. Add a new server to the client's list:
     1. For Description, enter anything you want. This is what will show up in the server list.
@@ -54,10 +53,7 @@ FusionFall consists of the following components:
 
 The original game made use of the player's actual web browser to launch the game, but since then the NPAPI plugin interface the game relied on has been deprecated and is no longer available in most modern browsers. Both Retro and OpenFusion get around this issue by distributing an older version of Electron, a software package that is essentially a specialized web browser.
 
-The browser/Electron client opens a web page with an `<embed>` tag of MIME type `application/vnd.unity`, where the `src` param is the address of the game's `.unity3d` entrypoint.
+The browser/Electron client opens a web page with an `<embed>` tag of the appropriate MIME type, where the `src` param is the address of the game's `.unity3d` entrypoint. This triggers the browser to load an NPAPI plugin that handles said MIME type, in this case the Unity Web Player.
-
-This triggers the browser to load an NPAPI plugin that handles this MIME type, the Unity Web Player, which the browser looks for in `C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\LocalLow\Unity\WebPlayer`.
-The Web Player was previously copied there by `installUnity.bat`.
 
 Note that the version of the web player distributed with OpenFusion expects a standard `UnityWeb` magic number for all assets, instead of Retro's modified `streamed` magic number.
 This will potentially become relevant later, as people start experimenting and mixing and matching versions.
@@ -66,7 +62,7 @@ The web player will execute the game code, which will request the following file
 
 `/assetInfo.php` contains the address from which to fetch the rest of the game's assets (the "dongresources").
 Normally those would be hosted on the same web server as the gateway, but the OpenFusion distribution (in it's default configuration) doesn't use a web server at all!
-It loads the web pages locally using the `file://` schema, and fetches the game's assets from Turner's CDN (which is still hosting them to this day!).
+It instead loads the web pages locally using the `file://` schema, and fetches the game's assets from a standard web server.
 
 `/loginInfo.php` contains the IP:port pair of the FusionFall login server, which the client will connect to. This login server drives the client while it's in the Character Selection menu, as well as Character Creation and the Tutorial.
 
@@ -102,26 +98,13 @@ If you'd like to contribute to this project, please read [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTR
 ## Gameplay
 
 The goal of the project is to faithfully recreate the game as it was at the time of the targeted build.
-The server is not yet complete, however, and some functionality is still missing.
+While most features are implemented and the game is playable start to finish, there may be missing functionality or bugs present.
 
-Because the server is still in development, ordinary players are allowed access to a few admin commands:
+Depending on the server configuration, you'll have access to certain commands.
 
-![](res/sane_upsell.png)
+For the public servers: Original has item spawning, the ability to set player speed/jump height, and teleportation enabled (default account level 50).
+Meanwhile the Academy server is more meant for legitimate playthroughs (default account level 99).
 
-### Movement commands
+When hosting a local server, you will have access to all commands by default (account level 1).
-* A `/speed` of around 2400 or 3000 is nice.
-* A `/jump` of about 50 will send you soaring
-* [This map](res/dong_number_map.png) (credit to Danny O) is useful for `/warp` coordinates.
-* `/goto` is useful for more precise teleportation (ie. for getting into Infected Zones, etc.).
 
-### Item commands
+For a list of available commands, see [this wiki page](https://github.com/OpenFusionProject/OpenFusion/wiki/Ingame-Command-list).
-* `/itemN [type] [itemId] [amount]`
-  (Refer to the [item list](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1mpoJ9iTHl_xLI4wQ_9UvIDYNcsDYscdkyaGizs43TCg/))
-
-### Nano commands
-* `/nano [id] (1-36)`
-* `/nano_equip [id] (1-36) [slot] (0-2)`
-* `/nano_unequip [slot] (0-2)`
-* `/nano_active [slot] (0-2)`
-
-### A full list of commands can be found [here](https://github.com/OpenFusionProject/OpenFusion/wiki/Ingame-Command-list).

config.ini

@@ -66,6 +66,9 @@ motd=Welcome to OpenFusion!
 # location of the database
 #dbpath=database.db
 
+# should there be a score cap for infected zone races?
+#izracescorecapped=true
+
 # should tutorial flags be disabled off the bat?
 disablefirstuseflag=true
 

src/Abilities.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 #include "Abilities.hpp"
 
+#include "servers/CNShardServer.hpp"
+
 #include "NPCManager.hpp"
 #include "PlayerManager.hpp"
 #include "Buffs.hpp"
 #include "Nanos.hpp"
-
+#include "MobAI.hpp"
-#include <assert.h>
 
 using namespace Abilities;
 
@@ -47,16 +48,107 @@ static SkillResult handleSkillHealHP(SkillData* skill, int power, ICombatant* so
 }
 
 static SkillResult handleSkillDamageNDebuff(SkillData* skill, int power, ICombatant* source, ICombatant* target) {
-    // TODO abilities
+    // take aggro
+    target->takeDamage(source->getRef(), 0);
+
+    int duration = 0;
+    int strength = 0;
+    bool blocked = target->hasBuff(ECSB_FREEDOM);
+    if(!blocked) {
+        duration = skill->durationTime[power];
+        strength = skill->values[0][power];
+        BuffStack debuff = {
+            (duration * 100) / MS_PER_COMBAT_TICK, // ticks
+            strength, // value
+            source->getRef(), // source
+            BuffClass::NANO, // buff class
+        };
+        int timeBuffId = Abilities::getCSTBFromST(skill->skillType);
+        target->addBuff(timeBuffId,
+            [](EntityRef self, Buff* buff, int status, BuffStack* stack) {
+                Buffs::timeBuffUpdate(self, buff, status, stack);
+                if(status == ETBU_DEL) Buffs::timeBuffTimeout(self);
+            },
+            [](EntityRef self, Buff* buff, time_t currTime) {
+                Buffs::timeBuffTick(self, buff);
+            },
+            &debuff);
+    }
+
     sSkillResult_Damage_N_Debuff result{};
+
+    result.iDamage = duration / 10; // we use the duration as the damage number (why?)
+    result.iHP = target->getCurrentHP();
     result.eCT = target->getCharType();
     result.iID = target->getID();
-    result.bProtected = false;
+    result.bProtected = blocked;
     result.iConditionBitFlag = target->getCompositeCondition();
+
+    // for player targets, make sure to update Nano stamina
+    if (target->getCharType() == 1) {
+        Player *plr = dynamic_cast<Player*>(target);
+        result.iStamina = plr->getActiveNano()->iStamina;
+    }
+
     return SkillResult(sizeof(sSkillResult_Damage_N_Debuff), &result);
 }
 
+static SkillResult handleSkillLeech(SkillData* skill, int power, ICombatant* source, ICombatant* target) {
+    EntityRef sourceRef = source->getRef();
+    int heal = skill->values[0][power];
+    int healed = source->heal(sourceRef, heal);
+    int damage = heal * 2;
+    int dealt = target->takeDamage(sourceRef, damage);
+
+    sSkillResult_Leech result{};
+
+    result.Damage.eCT = target->getCharType();
+    result.Damage.iID = target->getID();
+    result.Damage.bProtected = dealt <= 0;
+    result.Damage.iDamage = dealt;
+    result.Damage.iHP = target->getCurrentHP();
+
+    result.Heal.eCT = result.Damage.eCT;
+    result.Heal.iID = result.Damage.iID;
+    result.Heal.iHealHP = healed;
+    result.Heal.iHP = source->getCurrentHP();
+
+    return SkillResult(sizeof(sSkillResult_Leech), &result);
+}
+
 static SkillResult handleSkillBuff(SkillData* skill, int power, ICombatant* source, ICombatant* target) {
+    int duration = skill->durationTime[power];
+    int strength = skill->values[0][power];
+    BuffStack passiveBuff = {
+        // if the duration is 0, it needs to be recast every tick
+        duration == 0 ? 1 : (duration * 100) / MS_PER_COMBAT_TICK, // ticks
+        strength, // value
+        source->getRef(), // source
+        source == target ? BuffClass::NANO : BuffClass::GROUP_NANO, // buff class
+    };
+
+    int timeBuffId = Abilities::getCSTBFromST(skill->skillType);
+    SkillDrainType drainType = skill->drainType;
+    int combatLifetime = 0;
+    if(!target->addBuff(timeBuffId,
+        [drainType](EntityRef self, Buff* buff, int status, BuffStack* stack) {
+            if(buff->id == ECSB_BOUNDINGBALL && status == ETBU_ADD) {
+                // drain
+                ICombatant* combatant = dynamic_cast<ICombatant*>(self.getEntity());
+                combatant->takeDamage(buff->getLastSource(), 0); // aggro
+            }
+            Buffs::timeBuffUpdate(self, buff, status, stack);
+            if(drainType == SkillDrainType::ACTIVE && status == ETBU_DEL)
+                Buffs::timeBuffTimeout(self);
+        },
+        [combatLifetime](EntityRef self, Buff* buff, time_t currTime) mutable {
+            if(buff->id == ECSB_BOUNDINGBALL &&
+                combatLifetime % COMBAT_TICKS_PER_DRAIN_PROC == 0)
+                Buffs::tickDrain(self, buff, COMBAT_TICKS_PER_DRAIN_PROC); // drain
+            combatLifetime++;
+        },
+        &passiveBuff)) return SkillResult();
+
     sSkillResult_Buff result{};
     result.eCT = target->getCharType();
     result.iID = target->getID();
@@ -71,19 +163,24 @@ static SkillResult handleSkillBatteryDrain(SkillData* skill, int power, ICombata
     Player* plr = dynamic_cast<Player*>(target);
 
     const double scalingFactor = (18 + source->getLevel()) / 36.0;
+    const bool blocked = target->hasBuff(ECSB_PROTECT_BATTERY);
 
-    int boostDrain = (int)(skill->values[0][power] * scalingFactor);
+    int boostDrain = 0;
-    if(boostDrain > plr->batteryW) boostDrain = plr->batteryW;
+    int potionDrain = 0;
-    plr->batteryW -= boostDrain;
+    if(!blocked) {
+        boostDrain = (int)(skill->values[0][power] * scalingFactor);
+        if(boostDrain > plr->batteryW) boostDrain = plr->batteryW;
+        plr->batteryW -= boostDrain;
 
-    int potionDrain = (int)(skill->values[1][power] * scalingFactor);
+        potionDrain = (int)(skill->values[1][power] * scalingFactor);
-    if(potionDrain > plr->batteryN) potionDrain = plr->batteryN;
+        if(potionDrain > plr->batteryN) potionDrain = plr->batteryN;
-    plr->batteryN -= potionDrain;
+        plr->batteryN -= potionDrain;
+    }
 
     sSkillResult_BatteryDrain result{};
     result.eCT = target->getCharType();
     result.iID = target->getID();
-    result.bProtected = target->hasBuff(ECSB_PROTECT_BATTERY);
+    result.bProtected = blocked;
     result.iDrainW = boostDrain;
     result.iBatteryW = plr->batteryW;
     result.iDrainN = potionDrain;
@@ -97,8 +194,13 @@ static SkillResult handleSkillBatteryDrain(SkillData* skill, int power, ICombata
 static SkillResult handleSkillMove(SkillData* skill, int power, ICombatant* source, ICombatant* target) {
     if(source->getCharType() != 1)
         return SkillResult(); // only Players are valid sources for recall
+
     Player* plr = dynamic_cast<Player*>(source);
-    PlayerManager::sendPlayerTo(source->getRef().sock, plr->recallX, plr->recallY, plr->recallZ, plr->recallInstance);
+    if(source == target) {
+        // no trailing struct for self
+        PlayerManager::sendPlayerTo(target->getRef().sock, plr->recallX, plr->recallY, plr->recallZ, plr->recallInstance);
+        return SkillResult();
+    }
 
     sSkillResult_Move result{};
     result.eCT = target->getCharType();
@@ -120,56 +222,66 @@ static SkillResult handleSkillResurrect(SkillData* skill, int power, ICombatant*
 #pragma endregion
 
 static std::vector<SkillResult> handleSkill(SkillData* skill, int power, ICombatant* src, std::vector<ICombatant*> targets) {
-    size_t resultSize = 0;
     SkillResult (*skillHandler)(SkillData*, int, ICombatant*, ICombatant*) = nullptr;
     std::vector<SkillResult> results;
 
     switch(skill->skillType)
     {
-        case EST_DAMAGE:
+        case SkillType::CORRUPTIONATTACK:
-            resultSize = sizeof(sSkillResult_Damage);
+        case SkillType::CORRUPTIONATTACKLOSE:
+        case SkillType::CORRUPTIONATTACKWIN:
+        //  skillHandler = handleSkillCorruptionReflect;
+        //  break;
+        case SkillType::DAMAGE:
             skillHandler = handleSkillDamage;
             break;
-        case EST_HEAL_HP:
+        case SkillType::HEAL_HP:
-        case EST_RETURNHOMEHEAL:
+        case SkillType::RETURNHOMEHEAL:
-            resultSize = sizeof(sSkillResult_Heal_HP);
             skillHandler = handleSkillHealHP;
             break;
-        case EST_JUMP:
+        case SkillType::KNOCKDOWN:
-        case EST_RUN:
+        case SkillType::SLEEP:
-        case EST_FREEDOM:
+        case SkillType::SNARE:
-        case EST_PHOENIX:
+        case SkillType::STUN:
-        case EST_INVULNERABLE:
+            skillHandler = handleSkillDamageNDebuff;
-        case EST_MINIMAPENEMY:
+            break;
-        case EST_MINIMAPTRESURE:
+        case SkillType::JUMP:
-        case EST_NANOSTIMPAK:
+        case SkillType::RUN:
-        case EST_PROTECTBATTERY:
+        case SkillType::STEALTH:
-        case EST_PROTECTINFECTION:
+        case SkillType::MINIMAPENEMY:
-        case EST_REWARDBLOB:
+        case SkillType::MINIMAPTRESURE:
-        case EST_REWARDCASH:
+        case SkillType::PHOENIX:
-        case EST_STAMINA_SELF:
+        case SkillType::PROTECTBATTERY:
-        case EST_STEALTH:
+        case SkillType::PROTECTINFECTION:
-            resultSize = sizeof(sSkillResult_Buff);
+        case SkillType::REWARDBLOB:
+        case SkillType::REWARDCASH:
+        // case SkillType::INFECTIONDAMAGE:
+        case SkillType::FREEDOM:
+        case SkillType::BOUNDINGBALL:
+        case SkillType::INVULNERABLE:
+        case SkillType::STAMINA_SELF:
+        case SkillType::NANOSTIMPAK:
+        case SkillType::BUFFHEAL:
             skillHandler = handleSkillBuff;
             break;
-        case EST_BATTERYDRAIN:
+        case SkillType::BLOODSUCKING:
-            resultSize = sizeof(sSkillResult_BatteryDrain);
+            skillHandler = handleSkillLeech;
-            skillHandler = handleSkillBatteryDrain;
             break;
-        case EST_RECALL: // still soft lock
+        case SkillType::RETROROCKET_SELF:
-        case EST_RECALL_GROUP: // works for player who uses it
-            resultSize = sizeof(sSkillResult_Move);
-            skillHandler = handleSkillMove;
-            break;
-        case EST_PHOENIX_GROUP: // broken
-            resultSize = sizeof(sSkillResult_Resurrect);
-            skillHandler = handleSkillResurrect;
-            break;
-        case EST_RETROROCKET_SELF:
             // no-op
             return results;
+        case SkillType::PHOENIX_GROUP:
+            skillHandler = handleSkillResurrect;
+            break;
+        case SkillType::RECALL:
+        case SkillType::RECALL_GROUP:
+            skillHandler = handleSkillMove;
+            break;
+        case SkillType::BATTERYDRAIN:
+            skillHandler = handleSkillBatteryDrain;
+            break;
         default:
-            std::cout << "[WARN] Unhandled skill type " << skill->skillType << std::endl;
+            std::cout << "[WARN] Unhandled skill type " << (int)skill->skillType << std::endl;
             return results;
     }
 
@@ -177,8 +289,8 @@ static std::vector<SkillResult> handleSkill(SkillData* skill, int power, ICombat
         assert(target != nullptr);
         SkillResult result = skillHandler(skill, power, src != nullptr ? src : target, target);
         if(result.size == 0) continue; // skill not applicable
-        if(result.size != resultSize) {
+        if(result.size > MAX_SKILLRESULT_SIZE) {
-            std::cout << "[WARN] bad skill result size for " << skill->skillType << " from " << (void*)handleSkillBuff << std::endl;
+            std::cout << "[WARN] bad skill result size for " << (int)skill->skillType << " from " << (void*)handleSkillBuff << std::endl;
             continue;
         }
         results.push_back(result);
@@ -186,36 +298,42 @@ static std::vector<SkillResult> handleSkill(SkillData* skill, int power, ICombat
     return results;
 }
 
-static void attachSkillResults(std::vector<SkillResult> results, size_t resultSize, uint8_t* pivot) {
+static void attachSkillResults(std::vector<SkillResult> results, uint8_t* pivot) {
     for(SkillResult& result : results) {
-        memcpy(pivot, result.payload, resultSize);
+        size_t sz = result.size;
-        pivot += resultSize;
+        memcpy(pivot, result.payload, sz);
+        pivot += sz;
     }
 }
 
 void Abilities::useNanoSkill(CNSocket* sock, SkillData* skill, sNano& nano, std::vector<ICombatant*> affected) {
 
     Player* plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(sock);
+    ICombatant* combatant = dynamic_cast<ICombatant*>(plr);
 
     int boost = 0;
     if (Nanos::getNanoBoost(plr))
         boost = 3;
 
-    nano.iStamina -= skill->batteryUse[boost];
+    if(skill->drainType == SkillDrainType::ACTIVE) {
-    if (nano.iStamina < 0)
+        nano.iStamina -= skill->batteryUse[boost];
-        nano.iStamina = 0;
+        if (nano.iStamina <= 0)
+            nano.iStamina = 0;
+    }
 
-    std::vector<SkillResult> results = handleSkill(skill, boost, plr, affected);
+    std::vector<SkillResult> results = handleSkill(skill, boost, combatant, affected);
-    size_t resultSize = 0; // guaranteed to be the same for every item
+    if(results.empty()) return; // no effect; no need for confirmation packets
-    if (!results.empty()) resultSize = results.back().size;
 
-    if (!validOutVarPacket(sizeof(sP_FE2CL_NANO_SKILL_USE_SUCC), results.size(), resultSize)) {
+    // lazy validation since skill results might be different sizes
+    if (!validOutVarPacket(sizeof(sP_FE2CL_NANO_SKILL_USE_SUCC), results.size(), MAX_SKILLRESULT_SIZE)) {
         std::cout << "[WARN] bad sP_FE2CL_NANO_SKILL_USE_SUCC packet size\n";
         return;
     }
 
     // initialize response struct
-    size_t resplen = sizeof(sP_FE2CL_NANO_SKILL_USE_SUCC) + results.size() * resultSize;
+    size_t resplen = sizeof(sP_FE2CL_NANO_SKILL_USE_SUCC);
+    for(SkillResult& sr : results)
+        resplen += sr.size;
     uint8_t respbuf[CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE];
     memset(respbuf, 0, resplen);
 
@@ -225,15 +343,17 @@ void Abilities::useNanoSkill(CNSocket* sock, SkillData* skill, sNano& nano, std:
     pkt->iSkillID = nano.iSkillID;
     pkt->iNanoStamina = nano.iStamina;
     pkt->bNanoDeactive = nano.iStamina <= 0;
-    pkt->eST = skill->skillType;
+    pkt->eST = (int32_t)skill->skillType;
     pkt->iTargetCnt = (int32_t)results.size();
 
-    attachSkillResults(results, resultSize, (uint8_t*)(pkt + 1));
+    attachSkillResults(results, (uint8_t*)(pkt + 1));
     sock->sendPacket(pkt, P_FE2CL_NANO_SKILL_USE_SUCC, resplen);
-    PlayerManager::sendToViewable(sock, pkt, P_FE2CL_NANO_SKILL_USE_SUCC, resplen);
 
-    if (nano.iStamina <= 0)
+    if(skill->skillType == SkillType::RECALL_GROUP)
-        Nanos::summonNano(sock, -1);
+        // group recall packet is sent only to group members
+        PlayerManager::sendToGroup(sock, pkt, P_FE2CL_NANO_SKILL_USE, resplen);
+    else
+        PlayerManager::sendToViewable(sock, pkt, P_FE2CL_NANO_SKILL_USE, resplen);
 }
 
 void Abilities::useNPCSkill(EntityRef npc, int skillID, std::vector<ICombatant*> affected) {
@@ -248,25 +368,34 @@ void Abilities::useNPCSkill(EntityRef npc, int skillID, std::vector<ICombatant*>
     SkillData* skill = &SkillTable[skillID];
 
     std::vector<SkillResult> results = handleSkill(skill, 0, src, affected);
-    size_t resultSize = results.back().size; // guaranteed to be the same for every item
+    if(results.empty()) return; // no effect; no need for confirmation packets
 
-    if (!validOutVarPacket(sizeof(sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT), results.size(), resultSize)) {
+    // lazy validation since skill results might be different sizes
+    if (!validOutVarPacket(sizeof(sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT), results.size(), MAX_SKILLRESULT_SIZE)) {
         std::cout << "[WARN] bad sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT packet size\n";
         return;
     }
 
     // initialize response struct
-    size_t resplen = sizeof(sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT) + results.size() * resultSize;
+    size_t resplen = sizeof(sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT);
+    for(SkillResult& sr : results)
+        resplen += sr.size;
     uint8_t respbuf[CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE];
     memset(respbuf, 0, resplen);
 
     sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT* pkt = (sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT*)respbuf;
     pkt->iNPC_ID = npc.id;
     pkt->iSkillID = skillID;
-    pkt->eST = skill->skillType;
+    pkt->eST = (int32_t)skill->skillType;
     pkt->iTargetCnt = (int32_t)results.size();
+    if(npc.kind == EntityKind::MOB) {
+        Mob* mob = dynamic_cast<Mob*>(entity);
+        pkt->iValue1 = mob->hitX;
+        pkt->iValue2 = mob->hitY;
+        pkt->iValue3 = mob->hitZ;
+    }
 
-    attachSkillResults(results, resultSize, (uint8_t*)(pkt + 1));
+    attachSkillResults(results, (uint8_t*)(pkt + 1));
     NPCManager::sendToViewable(entity, pkt, P_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT, resplen);
 }
 
@@ -283,18 +412,13 @@ static std::vector<ICombatant*> entityRefsToCombatants(std::vector<EntityRef> re
 
 std::vector<ICombatant*> Abilities::matchTargets(ICombatant* src, SkillData* skill, int count, int32_t *ids) {
 
+    if(skill->targetType == SkillTargetType::GROUP)
+        return entityRefsToCombatants(src->getGroupMembers());
+
+    // this check *has* to happen after the group check above due to cases like group recall that use both
     if(skill->effectTarget == SkillEffectTarget::SELF)
         return {src}; // client sends 0 targets for certain self-targeting skills (recall)
 
-    if(skill->targetType == SkillTargetType::GROUP) {
-        // group
-        if(count != 1 || ids[0] != src->getID()) {
-            std::cout << "[WARN] skill: bad group targeting (id " << ids[0] << ")\n";
-            return {};
-        }
-        return entityRefsToCombatants(src->getGroupMembers());
-    }
-
     // individuals
     std::vector<ICombatant*> targets;
     for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
@@ -324,63 +448,69 @@ std::vector<ICombatant*> Abilities::matchTargets(ICombatant* src, SkillData* ski
 }
 
 /* ripped from client (enums emplaced) */
-int Abilities::getCSTBFromST(int eSkillType) {
+int Abilities::getCSTBFromST(SkillType skillType) {
     int result = 0;
-    switch (eSkillType)
+    switch (skillType)
     {
-    case EST_RUN:
+    case SkillType::RUN:
         result = ECSB_UP_MOVE_SPEED;
         break;
-    case EST_JUMP:
+    case SkillType::JUMP:
         result = ECSB_UP_JUMP_HEIGHT;
         break;
-    case EST_STEALTH:
+    case SkillType::STEALTH:
         result = ECSB_UP_STEALTH;
         break;
-    case EST_PHOENIX:
+    case SkillType::PHOENIX:
         result = ECSB_PHOENIX;
         break;
-    case EST_PROTECTBATTERY:
+    case SkillType::PROTECTBATTERY:
         result = ECSB_PROTECT_BATTERY;
         break;
-    case EST_PROTECTINFECTION:
+    case SkillType::PROTECTINFECTION:
         result = ECSB_PROTECT_INFECTION;
         break;
-    case EST_SNARE:
+    case SkillType::MINIMAPENEMY:
-        result = ECSB_DN_MOVE_SPEED;
-        break;
-    case EST_SLEEP:
-        result = ECSB_MEZ;
-        break;
-    case EST_MINIMAPENEMY:
         result = ECSB_MINIMAP_ENEMY;
         break;
-    case EST_MINIMAPTRESURE:
+    case SkillType::MINIMAPTRESURE:
         result = ECSB_MINIMAP_TRESURE;
         break;
-    case EST_REWARDBLOB:
+    case SkillType::REWARDBLOB:
         result = ECSB_REWARD_BLOB;
         break;
-    case EST_REWARDCASH:
+    case SkillType::REWARDCASH:
         result = ECSB_REWARD_CASH;
         break;
-    case EST_INFECTIONDAMAGE:
+    case SkillType::FREEDOM:
-        result = ECSB_INFECTION;
-        break;
-    case EST_FREEDOM:
         result = ECSB_FREEDOM;
         break;
-    case EST_BOUNDINGBALL:
+    case SkillType::INVULNERABLE:
-        result = ECSB_BOUNDINGBALL;
-        break;
-    case EST_INVULNERABLE:
         result = ECSB_INVULNERABLE;
         break;
-    case EST_BUFFHEAL:
+    case SkillType::BUFFHEAL:
         result = ECSB_HEAL;
         break;
-    case EST_NANOSTIMPAK:
+    case SkillType::NANOSTIMPAK:
         result = ECSB_STIMPAKSLOT1;
+        // shift as necessary
+        break;
+    case SkillType::SNARE:
+        result = ECSB_DN_MOVE_SPEED;
+        break;
+    case SkillType::STUN:
+        result = ECSB_STUN;
+        break;
+    case SkillType::SLEEP:
+        result = ECSB_MEZ;
+        break;
+    case SkillType::INFECTIONDAMAGE:
+        result = ECSB_INFECTION;
+        break;
+    case SkillType::BOUNDINGBALL:
+        result = ECSB_BOUNDINGBALL;
+        break;
+    default:
         break;
     }
     return result;

src/Abilities.hpp

@@ -7,9 +7,52 @@
 
 #include <map>
 #include <vector>
+#include <assert.h>
 
+const int COMBAT_TICKS_PER_DRAIN_PROC = 2;
 constexpr size_t MAX_SKILLRESULT_SIZE = sizeof(sSkillResult_BatteryDrain);
 
+enum class SkillType {
+    DAMAGE = 1,
+    HEAL_HP = 2,
+    KNOCKDOWN = 3, // uses DamageNDebuff
+    SLEEP = 4, // uses DamageNDebuff
+    SNARE = 5, // uses DamageNDebuff
+    HEAL_STAMINA = 6,
+    STAMINA_SELF = 7,
+    STUN = 8, // uses DamageNDebuff
+    WEAPONSLOW = 9,
+    JUMP = 10,
+    RUN = 11,
+    STEALTH = 12,
+    SWIM = 13,
+    MINIMAPENEMY = 14,
+    MINIMAPTRESURE = 15,
+    PHOENIX = 16,
+    PROTECTBATTERY = 17,
+    PROTECTINFECTION = 18,
+    REWARDBLOB = 19,
+    REWARDCASH = 20,
+    BATTERYDRAIN = 21,
+    CORRUPTIONATTACK = 22,
+    INFECTIONDAMAGE = 23,
+    KNOCKBACK = 24,
+    FREEDOM = 25,
+    PHOENIX_GROUP = 26,
+    RECALL = 27,
+    RECALL_GROUP = 28,
+    RETROROCKET_SELF = 29,
+    BLOODSUCKING = 30,
+    BOUNDINGBALL = 31,
+    INVULNERABLE = 32,
+    NANOSTIMPAK = 33,
+    RETURNHOMEHEAL = 34,
+    BUFFHEAL = 35,
+    EXTRABANK = 36,
+    CORRUPTIONATTACKWIN = 38,
+    CORRUPTIONATTACKLOSE = 39,
+};
+
 enum class SkillEffectTarget {
     POINT = 1,
     SELF = 2,
@@ -34,6 +77,7 @@ struct SkillResult {
     size_t size;
     uint8_t payload[MAX_SKILLRESULT_SIZE];
     SkillResult(size_t len, void* dat) {
+        assert(len <= MAX_SKILLRESULT_SIZE);
         size = len;
         memcpy(payload, dat, len);
     }
@@ -43,7 +87,7 @@ struct SkillResult {
 };
 
 struct SkillData {
-    int skillType; // eST
+    SkillType skillType; // eST
     SkillEffectTarget effectTarget;
     int effectType; // always 1?
     SkillTargetType targetType;
@@ -64,5 +108,5 @@ namespace Abilities {
     void useNPCSkill(EntityRef, int skillID, std::vector<ICombatant*>);
 
     std::vector<ICombatant*> matchTargets(ICombatant*, SkillData*, int, int32_t*);
-    int getCSTBFromST(int eSkillType);
+    int getCSTBFromST(SkillType skillType);
 }

src/Buffs.cpp

@@ -95,6 +95,12 @@ int Buff::getValue(BuffValueSelector selector) {
     return value;
 }
 
+EntityRef Buff::getLastSource() {
+    if(stacks.empty())
+        return self;
+    return stacks.back().source;
+}
+
 bool Buff::isStale() {
     return stacks.empty();
 }
@@ -137,15 +143,56 @@ void Buffs::timeBuffUpdate(EntityRef self, Buff* buff, int status, BuffStack* st
     self.sock->sendPacket((void*)&pkt, P_FE2CL_PC_BUFF_UPDATE, sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_BUFF_UPDATE));
 }
 
+void Buffs::timeBuffTick(EntityRef self, Buff* buff) {
+    if(self.kind != EntityKind::COMBAT_NPC && self.kind != EntityKind::MOB)
+        return; // not implemented
+    Entity* entity = self.getEntity();
+    ICombatant* combatant = dynamic_cast<ICombatant*>(entity);
+
+    INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_TICK, pkt);
+    pkt.eCT = combatant->getCharType();
+    pkt.iID = combatant->getID();
+    pkt.iTB_ID = buff->id;
+    NPCManager::sendToViewable(entity, &pkt, P_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_TICK, sizeof(sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_TICK));
+}
+
 void Buffs::timeBuffTimeout(EntityRef self) {
     if(self.kind != EntityKind::PLAYER && self.kind != EntityKind::COMBAT_NPC && self.kind != EntityKind::MOB)
         return; // not a combatant
     Entity* entity = self.getEntity();
     ICombatant* combatant = dynamic_cast<ICombatant*>(entity);
     INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_OUT, pkt); // send a buff timeout to other players
-    pkt.eCT = combatant->getCharType();
+    int32_t eCharType = combatant->getCharType();
+    pkt.eCT = eCharType == 4 ? 2 : eCharType; // convention not followed by client here
     pkt.iID = combatant->getID();
     pkt.iConditionBitFlag = combatant->getCompositeCondition();
     NPCManager::sendToViewable(entity, &pkt, P_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_OUT, sizeof(sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_OUT));
 }
+
+void Buffs::tickDrain(EntityRef self, Buff* buff, int mult) {
+    if(self.kind != EntityKind::COMBAT_NPC && self.kind != EntityKind::MOB)
+        return; // not implemented
+    Entity* entity = self.getEntity();
+    ICombatant* combatant = dynamic_cast<ICombatant*>(entity);
+    int damage = combatant->getMaxHP() / 100 * mult;
+    int dealt = combatant->takeDamage(buff->getLastSource(), damage);
+
+    size_t resplen = sizeof(sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_TICK) + sizeof(sSkillResult_Damage);
+    assert(resplen < CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE - 8);
+    uint8_t respbuf[CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    memset(respbuf, 0, resplen);
+
+    sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_TICK *pkt = (sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_TICK*)respbuf;
+    pkt->iID = self.id;
+    pkt->eCT = combatant->getCharType();
+    pkt->iTB_ID = ECSB_BOUNDINGBALL;
+
+    sSkillResult_Damage *drain = (sSkillResult_Damage*)(respbuf + sizeof(sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_TICK));
+    drain->iDamage = dealt;
+    drain->iHP = combatant->getCurrentHP();
+    drain->eCT = pkt->eCT;
+    drain->iID = pkt->iID;
+
+    NPCManager::sendToViewable(self.getEntity(), (void*)&respbuf, P_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_TICK, resplen);
+}
 #pragma endregion

src/Buffs.hpp

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ public:
     BuffClass maxClass();
 
     int getValue(BuffValueSelector selector);
+    EntityRef getLastSource();
 
     /* 
      * In general, a Buff object won't exist
@@ -86,5 +87,7 @@ public:
 
 namespace Buffs {
     void timeBuffUpdate(EntityRef self, Buff* buff, int status, BuffStack* stack);
+    void timeBuffTick(EntityRef self, Buff* buff);
     void timeBuffTimeout(EntityRef self);
+    void tickDrain(EntityRef self, Buff* buff, int mult);
 }

src/BuiltinCommands.cpp

@@ -72,31 +72,41 @@ static void setValuePlayer(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
 
     // Handle serverside value-changes
     switch (setData->iSetValueType) {
-    case 1:
+    case CN_GM_SET_VALUE_TYPE__HP:
-        plr->HP = setData->iSetValue;
+        response.iSetValue = plr->HP = setData->iSetValue;
         break;
-    case 2:
+    case CN_GM_SET_VALUE_TYPE__WEAPON_BATTERY :
         plr->batteryW = setData->iSetValue;
+
         // caps
         if (plr->batteryW > 9999)
             plr->batteryW = 9999;
+
+        response.iSetValue = plr->batteryW;
         break;
-    case 3:
+    case CN_GM_SET_VALUE_TYPE__NANO_BATTERY:
         plr->batteryN = setData->iSetValue;
+
         // caps
         if (plr->batteryN > 9999)
             plr->batteryN = 9999;
+
+        response.iSetValue = plr->batteryN;
         break;
-    case 4:
+    case CN_GM_SET_VALUE_TYPE__FUSION_MATTER:
         Missions::updateFusionMatter(sock, setData->iSetValue - plr->fusionmatter);
+        response.iSetValue = plr->fusionmatter;
         break;
-    case 5:
+    case CN_GM_SET_VALUE_TYPE__CANDY:
-        plr->money = setData->iSetValue;
+        response.iSetValue = plr->money = setData->iSetValue;
+        break;
+    case CN_GM_SET_VALUE_TYPE__SPEED:
+    case CN_GM_SET_VALUE_TYPE__JUMP:
+        response.iSetValue = setData->iSetValue;
         break;
     }
 
     response.iPC_ID = setData->iPC_ID;
-    response.iSetValue = setData->iSetValue;
     response.iSetValueType = setData->iSetValueType;
 
     sock->sendPacket(response, P_FE2CL_GM_REP_PC_SET_VALUE);

src/Combat.cpp

@@ -21,13 +21,14 @@ std::map<int32_t, std::map<int8_t, Bullet>> Combat::Bullets;
 
 #pragma region Player
 bool Player::addBuff(int buffId, BuffCallback<int, BuffStack*> onUpdate, BuffCallback<time_t> onTick, BuffStack* stack) {
-    EntityRef self = PlayerManager::getSockFromID(iID);
+    if(!isAlive())
+        return false;
 
     if(!hasBuff(buffId)) {
-        buffs[buffId] = new Buff(buffId, self, onUpdate, onTick, stack);
+        buffs[buffId] = new Buff(buffId, getRef(), onUpdate, onTick, stack);
         return true;
     }
-    
+
     buffs[buffId]->updateCallbacks(onUpdate, onTick);
     buffs[buffId]->addStack(stack);
     return false;
@@ -48,9 +49,10 @@ void Player::removeBuff(int buffId) {
     }
 }
 
-void Player::removeBuff(int buffId, int buffClass) {
+void Player::removeBuff(int buffId, BuffClass buffClass) {
     if(hasBuff(buffId)) {
-        buffs[buffId]->clear((BuffClass)buffClass);
+        buffs[buffId]->clear(buffClass);
+        // buff might not be stale since another buff class might remain
         if(buffs[buffId]->isStale()) {
             delete buffs[buffId];
             buffs.erase(buffId);
@@ -58,6 +60,16 @@ void Player::removeBuff(int buffId, int buffClass) {
     }
 }
 
+void Player::clearBuffs(bool force) {
+    auto it = buffs.begin();
+    while(it != buffs.end()) {
+        Buff* buff = (*it).second;
+        if(!force) buff->clear();
+        delete buff;
+        it = buffs.erase(it);
+    }
+}
+
 bool Player::hasBuff(int buffId) {
     auto buff = buffs.find(buffId);
     return buff != buffs.end() && !buff->second->isStale();
@@ -156,29 +168,78 @@ void Player::step(time_t currTime) {
     // buffs
     for(auto buffEntry : buffs) {
         buffEntry.second->combatTick(currTime);
+        if(!isAlive())
+            break; // unsafe to keep ticking if we're dead
     }
 }
 #pragma endregion
 
 #pragma region CombatNPC
-bool CombatNPC::addBuff(int buffId, BuffCallback<int, BuffStack*> onUpdate, BuffCallback<time_t> onTick, BuffStack* stack) { /* stubbed */
+bool CombatNPC::addBuff(int buffId, BuffCallback<int, BuffStack*> onUpdate, BuffCallback<time_t> onTick, BuffStack* stack) {
+    if(!isAlive())
+        return false;
+
+    if (this->state != AIState::COMBAT && this->state != AIState::ROAMING)
+        return false;
+
+    if(!hasBuff(buffId)) {
+        buffs[buffId] = new Buff(buffId, getRef(), onUpdate, onTick, stack);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    buffs[buffId]->updateCallbacks(onUpdate, onTick);
+    buffs[buffId]->addStack(stack);
     return false;
 }
 
-Buff* CombatNPC::getBuff(int buffId) { /* stubbed */
+Buff* CombatNPC::getBuff(int buffId) {
+    if(hasBuff(buffId)) {
+        return buffs[buffId];
+    }
     return nullptr;
 }
 
-void CombatNPC::removeBuff(int buffId) { /* stubbed */ }
+void CombatNPC::removeBuff(int buffId) {
-
+    if(hasBuff(buffId)) {
-void CombatNPC::removeBuff(int buffId, int buffClass) { /* stubbed */ }
+        buffs[buffId]->clear();
-
+        delete buffs[buffId];
-bool CombatNPC::hasBuff(int buffId) { /* stubbed */
+        buffs.erase(buffId);
-    return false;
+    }
 }
 
-int CombatNPC::getCompositeCondition() { /* stubbed */
+void CombatNPC::removeBuff(int buffId, BuffClass buffClass) {
-    return 0;
+    if(hasBuff(buffId)) {
+        buffs[buffId]->clear(buffClass);
+        // buff might not be stale since another buff class might remain
+        if(buffs[buffId]->isStale()) {
+            delete buffs[buffId];
+            buffs.erase(buffId);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void CombatNPC::clearBuffs(bool force) {
+    auto it = buffs.begin();
+    while(it != buffs.end()) {
+        Buff* buff = (*it).second;
+        if(!force) buff->clear();
+        delete buff;
+        it = buffs.erase(it);
+    }
+}
+
+bool CombatNPC::hasBuff(int buffId) {
+    auto buff = buffs.find(buffId);
+    return buff != buffs.end() && !buff->second->isStale();
+}
+
+int CombatNPC::getCompositeCondition() {
+    int conditionBitFlag = 0;
+    for(auto buff : buffs) {
+        if(!buff.second->isStale() && buff.second->id > 0)
+            conditionBitFlag |= CSB_FROM_ECSB(buff.first);
+    }
+    return conditionBitFlag;
 }
 
 int CombatNPC::takeDamage(EntityRef src, int amt) {
@@ -249,19 +310,19 @@ void CombatNPC::step(time_t currTime) {
 }
 
 void CombatNPC::transition(AIState newState, EntityRef src) {
-
     state = newState;
+
     if (transitionHandlers.find(newState) != transitionHandlers.end())
         transitionHandlers[newState](this, src);
     else {
         std::cout << "[WARN] Transition to " << (int)state << " has no handler; going inactive" << std::endl;
         transition(AIState::INACTIVE, id);
     }
-    /* TODO: fire any triggered events
+
+    // trigger special NPCEvents, if applicable
     for (NPCEvent& event : NPCManager::NPCEvents)
-        if (event.trigger == ON_KILLED && event.npcType == type)
+        if (event.triggerState == newState && event.npcType == type)
-            event.handler(src, this);
+            event.handler(this);
-    */
 }
 #pragma endregion
 
@@ -304,7 +365,7 @@ static std::pair<int,int> getDamage(int attackPower, int defensePower, bool shou
     return ret;
 }
 
-static bool checkRapidFire(CNSocket *sock, int targetCount) {
+static bool checkRapidFire(CNSocket *sock, int targetCount, bool allowManyTargets) {
     Player *plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(sock);
     time_t currTime = getTime();
 
@@ -316,7 +377,7 @@ static bool checkRapidFire(CNSocket *sock, int targetCount) {
     plr->lastShot = currTime;
 
     // 3+ targets should never be possible
-    if (targetCount > 3)
+    if (!allowManyTargets && targetCount > 3)
         plr->suspicionRating += 10001;
 
     // kill the socket when the player is too suspicious
@@ -335,7 +396,7 @@ static void pcAttackNpcs(CNSocket *sock, CNPacketData *data) {
     auto targets = (int32_t*)data->trailers;
 
     // kick the player if firing too rapidly
-    if (settings::ANTICHEAT && checkRapidFire(sock, pkt->iNPCCnt))
+    if (settings::ANTICHEAT && checkRapidFire(sock, pkt->iNPCCnt, false))
         return;
 
     /*
@@ -776,6 +837,10 @@ static void projectileHit(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
         return;
     }
 
+    // kick the player if firing too rapidly
+    if (settings::ANTICHEAT && checkRapidFire(sock, pkt->iTargetCnt, true))
+        return;
+
     /*
      * initialize response struct
      * rocket style hit doesn't work properly, so we're always sending this one
@@ -874,9 +939,12 @@ static void playerTick(CNServer *serv, time_t currTime) {
             if (Abilities::SkillTable.find(nano->iSkillID) != Abilities::SkillTable.end()) {
                 // nano has skill data
                 SkillData* skill = &Abilities::SkillTable[nano->iSkillID];
-                if (skill->drainType == SkillDrainType::PASSIVE)
+                if (skill->drainType == SkillDrainType::PASSIVE) {
-                    Nanos::applyNanoBuff(skill, plr);
+                    ICombatant* src = dynamic_cast<ICombatant*>(plr);
-                // ^ composite condition calculation is separate from combat for responsiveness
+                    int32_t targets[] = { plr->iID };
+                    std::vector<ICombatant*> affectedCombatants = Abilities::matchTargets(src, skill, 1, targets);
+                    Abilities::useNanoSkill(sock, skill, *nano, affectedCombatants);
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -896,6 +964,7 @@ static void playerTick(CNServer *serv, time_t currTime) {
         auto it = plr->buffs.begin();
         while(it != plr->buffs.end()) {
             Buff* buff = (*it).second;
+            //buff->combatTick() gets called in Player::step
             buff->tick(currTime);
             if(buff->isStale()) {
                 // garbage collect

src/CustomCommands.cpp

@@ -359,23 +359,19 @@ static void npcRotateCommand(std::string full, std::vector<std::string>& args, C
     int angle = (plr->angle + 180) % 360;
     NPCManager::updateNPCPosition(npc->id, npc->x, npc->y, npc->z, npc->instanceID, angle);
 
-    // if it's a gruntwork NPC, rotate in-place
+    bool isGruntworkNpc = true;
-    if (TableData::RunningMobs.find(npc->id) != TableData::RunningMobs.end()) {
-        NPCManager::updateNPCPosition(npc->id, npc->x, npc->y, npc->z, npc->instanceID, angle);
 
-        Chat::sendServerMessage(sock, "[NPCR] Successfully set angle to " + std::to_string(angle) + " for gruntwork NPC "
+    // add a rotation entry to the gruntwork file, unless it's already a gruntwork NPC
-            + std::to_string(npc->id));
+    if (TableData::RunningMobs.find(npc->id) == TableData::RunningMobs.end()) {
-    } else {
         TableData::RunningNPCRotations[npc->id] = angle;
-
+        isGruntworkNpc = false;
-        Chat::sendServerMessage(sock, "[NPCR] Successfully set angle to " + std::to_string(angle) + " for NPC "
-            + std::to_string(npc->id));
     }
 
-    // update rotation clientside
+    Chat::sendServerMessage(sock, "[NPCR] Successfully set angle to " + std::to_string(angle) +
-    INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_NPC_ENTER, pkt);
+        " for " + (isGruntworkNpc ? "gruntwork " : "") + "NPC " + std::to_string(npc->id));
-    pkt.NPCAppearanceData = npc->getAppearanceData();
+
-    sock->sendPacket(pkt, P_FE2CL_NPC_ENTER);
+    // update rotation clientside by refreshing the player's chunks (same as the /refresh command)
+    PlayerManager::updatePlayerPositionForWarp(sock, plr->x, plr->y, plr->z, plr->instanceID);
 }
 
 static void refreshCommand(std::string full, std::vector<std::string>& args, CNSocket* sock) {
@@ -678,7 +674,6 @@ static void whoisCommand(std::string full, std::vector<std::string>& args, CNSoc
     Chat::sendServerMessage(sock, "[WHOIS] ID: " + std::to_string(npc->id));
     Chat::sendServerMessage(sock, "[WHOIS] Type: " + std::to_string(npc->type));
     Chat::sendServerMessage(sock, "[WHOIS] HP: " + std::to_string(npc->hp));
-    Chat::sendServerMessage(sock, "[WHOIS] CBF: " + std::to_string(npc->cbf));
     Chat::sendServerMessage(sock, "[WHOIS] EntityType: " + std::to_string((int)npc->kind));
     Chat::sendServerMessage(sock, "[WHOIS] X: " + std::to_string(npc->x));
     Chat::sendServerMessage(sock, "[WHOIS] Y: " + std::to_string(npc->y));

src/Eggs.cpp

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ void Eggs::eggBuffPlayer(CNSocket* sock, int skillId, int eggId, int duration) {
         return;
     }
 
+    SkillResult result = SkillResult();
     SkillData* skill = &Abilities::SkillTable[skillId];
     if(skill->drainType == SkillDrainType::PASSIVE) {
         // apply buff
@@ -50,12 +51,57 @@ void Eggs::eggBuffPlayer(CNSocket* sock, int skillId, int eggId, int duration) {
                 // no-op
             },
             &eggBuff);
+
+        sSkillResult_Buff resultBuff{};
+        resultBuff.eCT = plr->getCharType();
+        resultBuff.iID = plr->getID();
+        resultBuff.bProtected = false;
+        resultBuff.iConditionBitFlag = plr->getCompositeCondition();
+        result = SkillResult(sizeof(sSkillResult_Buff), &resultBuff);
+    } else {
+        int value = plr->getMaxHP() * skill->values[0][0] / 1000;
+        sSkillResult_Damage resultDamage{};
+        sSkillResult_Heal_HP resultHeal{};
+        switch(skill->skillType)
+        {
+            case SkillType::DAMAGE:
+                resultDamage.bProtected = false;
+                resultDamage.eCT = plr->getCharType();
+                resultDamage.iID = plr->getID();
+                resultDamage.iDamage = plr->takeDamage(src, value);
+                resultDamage.iHP = plr->getCurrentHP();
+                result = SkillResult(sizeof(sSkillResult_Damage), &resultDamage);
+                break;
+            case SkillType::HEAL_HP:
+                resultHeal.eCT = plr->getCharType();
+                resultHeal.iID = plr->getID();
+                resultHeal.iHealHP = plr->heal(src, value);
+                resultHeal.iHP = plr->getCurrentHP();
+                result = SkillResult(sizeof(sSkillResult_Heal_HP), &resultHeal);
+                break;
+            default:
+                std::cout << "[WARN] oops, egg with active skill type " << (int)skill->skillType << " unhandled";
+                return;
+        }
     }
 
-    // use skill
+    // initialize response struct
-    std::vector<ICombatant*> targets;
+    size_t resplen = sizeof(sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT) + result.size;
-    targets.push_back(dynamic_cast<ICombatant*>(plr));
+    uint8_t respbuf[CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE];
-    Abilities::useNPCSkill(src, skillId, targets);
+    memset(respbuf, 0, resplen);
+
+    sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT* pkt = (sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT*)respbuf;
+    pkt->iNPC_ID = eggId;
+    pkt->iSkillID = skillId;
+    pkt->eST = (int32_t)skill->skillType;
+    pkt->iTargetCnt = 1;
+
+    if(result.size > 0) {
+        void* attached = (void*)(pkt + 1);
+        memcpy(attached, result.payload, result.size);
+    }
+    
+    NPCManager::sendToViewable(src.getEntity(), pkt, P_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT, resplen);
 }
 
 static void eggStep(CNServer* serv, time_t currTime) {

src/Entities.cpp

@@ -16,8 +16,9 @@ EntityRef::EntityRef(CNSocket *s) {
 EntityRef::EntityRef(int32_t i) {
     id = i;
 
-    assert(NPCManager::NPCs.find(id) != NPCManager::NPCs.end());
+    kind = EntityKind::INVALID;
-    kind = NPCManager::NPCs[id]->kind;
+    if (NPCManager::NPCs.find(id) != NPCManager::NPCs.end())
+        kind = NPCManager::NPCs[id]->kind;
 }
 
 bool EntityRef::isValid() const {
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ sNPCAppearanceData BaseNPC::getAppearanceData() {
     sNPCAppearanceData data = {};
     data.iAngle = angle;
     data.iBarkerType = 0; // unused?
-    data.iConditionBitFlag = cbf;
+    data.iConditionBitFlag = 0;
     data.iHP = hp;
     data.iNPCType = type;
     data.iNPC_ID = id;
@@ -50,6 +51,12 @@ sNPCAppearanceData BaseNPC::getAppearanceData() {
     return data;
 }
 
+sNPCAppearanceData CombatNPC::getAppearanceData() {
+    sNPCAppearanceData data = BaseNPC::getAppearanceData();
+    data.iConditionBitFlag = getCompositeCondition();
+    return data;
+}
+
 /*
  * Entity coming into view.
  */

src/Entities.hpp

@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ public:
     virtual bool addBuff(int, BuffCallback<int, BuffStack*>, BuffCallback<time_t>, BuffStack*) = 0;
     virtual Buff* getBuff(int) = 0;
     virtual void removeBuff(int) = 0;
-    virtual void removeBuff(int, int) = 0;
+    virtual void removeBuff(int, BuffClass) = 0;
+    virtual void clearBuffs(bool) = 0;
     virtual bool hasBuff(int) = 0;
     virtual int getCompositeCondition() = 0;
     virtual int takeDamage(EntityRef, int) = 0;
@@ -72,7 +73,6 @@ public:
     int type;
     int hp;
     int angle;
-    int cbf;
     bool loopingPath = false;
 
     BaseNPC(int _A, uint64_t iID, int t, int _id) {
@@ -80,7 +80,6 @@ public:
         type = t;
         hp = 400;
         angle = _A;
-        cbf = 0;
         id = _id;
         instanceID = iID;
     };
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ public:
     virtual void enterIntoViewOf(CNSocket *sock) override;
     virtual void disappearFromViewOf(CNSocket *sock) override;
 
-    sNPCAppearanceData getAppearanceData();
+    virtual sNPCAppearanceData getAppearanceData();
 };
 
 struct CombatNPC : public BaseNPC, public ICombatant {
@@ -105,11 +104,13 @@ struct CombatNPC : public BaseNPC, public ICombatant {
     std::map<AIState, void (*)(CombatNPC*, time_t)> stateHandlers;
     std::map<AIState, void (*)(CombatNPC*, EntityRef)> transitionHandlers;
 
-    CombatNPC(int x, int y, int z, int angle, uint64_t iID, int t, int id, int maxHP)
+    std::unordered_map<int, Buff*> buffs = {};
+
+    CombatNPC(int spawnX, int spawnY, int spawnZ, int angle, uint64_t iID, int t, int id, int maxHP)
         : BaseNPC(angle, iID, t, id), maxHealth(maxHP) {
-        spawnX = x;
+        this->spawnX = spawnX;
-        spawnY = y;
+        this->spawnY = spawnY;
-        spawnZ = z;
+        this->spawnZ = spawnZ;
 
         kind = EntityKind::COMBAT_NPC;
 
@@ -117,12 +118,15 @@ struct CombatNPC : public BaseNPC, public ICombatant {
         transitionHandlers[AIState::INACTIVE] = {};
     }
 
+    virtual sNPCAppearanceData getAppearanceData() override;
+
     virtual bool isExtant() override { return hp > 0; }
 
     virtual bool addBuff(int buffId, BuffCallback<int, BuffStack*> onUpdate, BuffCallback<time_t> onTick, BuffStack* stack) override;
     virtual Buff* getBuff(int buffId) override;
     virtual void removeBuff(int buffId) override;
-    virtual void removeBuff(int buffId, int buffClass) override;
+    virtual void removeBuff(int buffId, BuffClass buffClass) override;
+    virtual void clearBuffs(bool force) override;
     virtual bool hasBuff(int buffId) override;
     virtual int getCompositeCondition() override;
     virtual int takeDamage(EntityRef src, int amt) override;

src/Groups.cpp

@@ -64,6 +64,9 @@ static void attachGroupData(std::vector<EntityRef>& pcs, std::vector<EntityRef>&
 }
 
 void Groups::addToGroup(Group* group, EntityRef member) {
+    if (group == nullptr)
+        return;
+
     if (member.kind == EntityKind::PLAYER) {
         Player* plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(member.sock);
         plr->group = group;
@@ -109,6 +112,9 @@ void Groups::addToGroup(Group* group, EntityRef member) {
 }
 
 bool Groups::removeFromGroup(Group* group, EntityRef member) {
+    if (group == nullptr)
+        return false;
+
     if (member.kind == EntityKind::PLAYER) {
         Player* plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(member.sock);
         plr->group = nullptr; // no dangling pointers here muahaahahah
@@ -168,6 +174,9 @@ bool Groups::removeFromGroup(Group* group, EntityRef member) {
 }
 
 void Groups::disbandGroup(Group* group) {
+    if (group == nullptr)
+        return;
+
     // remove everyone from the group!!
     bool done = false;
     while(!done) {
@@ -252,6 +261,9 @@ static void leaveGroup(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
 }
 
 void Groups::sendToGroup(Group* group, void* buf, uint32_t type, size_t size) {
+    if (group == nullptr)
+        return;
+
     auto players = group->filter(EntityKind::PLAYER);
     for (EntityRef ref : players) {
         ref.sock->sendPacket(buf, type, size);
@@ -259,6 +271,9 @@ void Groups::sendToGroup(Group* group, void* buf, uint32_t type, size_t size) {
 }
 
 void Groups::sendToGroup(Group* group, EntityRef excluded, void* buf, uint32_t type, size_t size) {
+    if (group == nullptr)
+        return;
+
     auto players = group->filter(EntityKind::PLAYER);
     for (EntityRef ref : players) {
         if(ref != excluded) ref.sock->sendPacket(buf, type, size);
@@ -294,6 +309,9 @@ void Groups::groupTickInfo(CNSocket* sock) {
 
 void Groups::groupKick(Group* group, EntityRef ref) {
 
+    if (group == nullptr)
+        return;
+
     // if you are the group leader, destroy your own group and kick everybody
     if (group->members[0] == ref) {
         disbandGroup(group);

src/Groups.hpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "EntityRef.hpp"
 
 #include <vector>
+#include <assert.h>
 
 struct Group {
     std::vector<EntityRef> members;
@@ -14,6 +15,10 @@ struct Group {
             });
         return filtered;
     }
+    EntityRef getLeader() {
+        assert(members.size() > 0);
+        return members[0];
+    }
 
     Group(EntityRef leader);
 };

src/Items.cpp

@@ -416,6 +416,9 @@ static void itemDeleteHandler(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
 
     Player* plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(sock);
 
+    if (itemdel->iSlotNum < 0 || itemdel->iSlotNum >= AINVEN_COUNT)
+        return; // sanity check
+
     resp.eIL = itemdel->eIL;
     resp.iSlotNum = itemdel->iSlotNum;
 
@@ -482,7 +485,7 @@ static void itemUseHandler(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
     resp->iSlotNum = request->iSlotNum;
     resp->RemainItem = gumball;
     resp->iTargetCnt = 1;
-    resp->eST = EST_NANOSTIMPAK;
+    resp->eST = (int32_t)SkillType::NANOSTIMPAK;
     resp->iSkillID = 144;
 
     int eCSB = ECSB_STIMPAKSLOT1 + request->iNanoSlot;

src/Missions.cpp

@@ -386,6 +386,9 @@ static void taskStart(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
 static void taskEnd(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
     sP_CL2FE_REQ_PC_TASK_END* missionData = (sP_CL2FE_REQ_PC_TASK_END*)data->buf;
 
+    if (Missions::Tasks.find(missionData->iTaskNum) == Missions::Tasks.end())
+        return;
+
     TaskData* task = Missions::Tasks[missionData->iTaskNum];
 
     // handle timed mission failure

src/MobAI.cpp

@@ -51,13 +51,13 @@ int Mob::takeDamage(EntityRef src, int amt) {
     }
 
     // wake up sleeping monster
-    if (cbf & CSB_BIT_MEZ) {
+    if (hasBuff(ECSB_MEZ)) {
-        cbf &= ~CSB_BIT_MEZ;
+        removeBuff(ECSB_MEZ);
 
         INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_OUT, pkt1);
         pkt1.eCT = 2;
         pkt1.iID = id;
-        pkt1.iConditionBitFlag = cbf;
+        pkt1.iConditionBitFlag = getCompositeCondition();
         NPCManager::sendToViewable(this, &pkt1, P_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_OUT, sizeof(sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_OUT));
     }
 
@@ -96,13 +96,12 @@ static std::pair<int,int> lerp(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int speed) {
 
 void MobAI::clearDebuff(Mob *mob) {
     mob->skillStyle = -1;
-    mob->cbf = 0;
+    mob->clearBuffs(false);
-    mob->unbuffTimes.clear();
 
     INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_OUT, pkt1);
     pkt1.eCT = 2;
     pkt1.iID = mob->id;
-    pkt1.iConditionBitFlag = mob->cbf;
+    pkt1.iConditionBitFlag = mob->getCompositeCondition();
     NPCManager::sendToViewable(mob, &pkt1, P_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_OUT, sizeof(sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_OUT));
 }
 
@@ -228,7 +227,7 @@ bool MobAI::aggroCheck(Mob *mob, time_t currTime) {
     return false;
 }
 
-static void dealCorruption(Mob *mob, std::vector<int> targetData, int skillID, int style) {
+static void dealCorruption(Mob *mob, std::vector<int> targetData, int skillID, int mobStyle) {
     Player *plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(mob->target);
 
     size_t resplen = sizeof(sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_CORRUPTION_HIT) + targetData[0] * sizeof(sCAttackResult);
@@ -247,7 +246,7 @@ static void dealCorruption(Mob *mob, std::vector<int> targetData, int skillID, i
 
     resp->iNPC_ID = mob->id;
     resp->iSkillID = skillID;
-    resp->iStyle = style;
+    resp->iStyle = mobStyle;
     resp->iValue1 = plr->x;
     resp->iValue2 = plr->y;
     resp->iValue3 = plr->z;
@@ -281,26 +280,38 @@ static void dealCorruption(Mob *mob, std::vector<int> targetData, int skillID, i
                 respdata[i].iActiveNanoSlotNum = n;
         respdata[i].iNanoID = plr->activeNano;
 
-        int style2 = Nanos::nanoStyle(plr->activeNano);
+        int nanoStyle = Nanos::nanoStyle(plr->activeNano);
-        if (style2 == -1) { // no nano
+        if (nanoStyle == -1) { // no nano
             respdata[i].iHitFlag = HF_BIT_STYLE_TIE;
             respdata[i].iDamage = Abilities::SkillTable[skillID].values[0][0] * PC_MAXHEALTH((int)mob->data["m_iNpcLevel"]) / 1500;
-        } else if (style == style2) {
+        } else if (mobStyle == nanoStyle) {
             respdata[i].iHitFlag = HF_BIT_STYLE_TIE;
             respdata[i].iDamage = 0;
             respdata[i].iNanoStamina = plr->Nanos[plr->activeNano].iStamina;
-        } else if (style - style2 == 1 || style2 - style == 2) {
+        } else if (mobStyle - nanoStyle == 1 || nanoStyle - mobStyle == 2) {
             respdata[i].iHitFlag = HF_BIT_STYLE_WIN;
             respdata[i].iDamage = 0;
             respdata[i].iNanoStamina = plr->Nanos[plr->activeNano].iStamina += 45;
             if (plr->Nanos[plr->activeNano].iStamina > 150)
                 respdata[i].iNanoStamina = plr->Nanos[plr->activeNano].iStamina = 150;
             // fire damage power disguised as a corruption attack back at the enemy
-            // TODO ABILITIES
+            SkillData skill = {
-            /*std::vector<int> targetData2 = {1, mob->id, 0, 0, 0};
+                SkillType::DAMAGE, // skillType
-            for (auto& pwr : Abilities::Powers)
+                SkillEffectTarget::POINT, // effectTarget
-                if (pwr.skillType == EST_DAMAGE)
+                1, // effectType
-                    pwr.handle(sock, targetData2, plr->activeNano, skillID, 0, 200);*/
+                SkillTargetType::MOBS, // targetType
+                SkillDrainType::ACTIVE, // drainType
+                0, // effectArea
+                {0, 0, 0, 0}, // batteryUse
+                {0, 0, 0, 0}, // durationTime
+                {0, 0, 0}, // valueTypes (unused)
+                {
+                    {200, 200, 200, 200},
+                    {200, 200, 200, 200},
+                    {200, 200, 200, 200},
+                }
+            };
+            Abilities::useNanoSkill(sock, &skill, *plr->getActiveNano(), { mob });
         } else {
             respdata[i].iHitFlag = HF_BIT_STYLE_LOSE;
             respdata[i].iDamage = Abilities::SkillTable[skillID].values[0][0] * PC_MAXHEALTH((int)mob->data["m_iNpcLevel"]) / 1500;
@@ -327,12 +338,6 @@ static void dealCorruption(Mob *mob, std::vector<int> targetData, int skillID, i
 }
 
 static void useAbilities(Mob *mob, time_t currTime) {
-    /*
-     * targetData approach
-     * first integer is the count
-     * second to fifth integers are IDs, these can be either player iID or mob's iID
-     * whether the skill targets players or mobs is determined by the skill packet being fired
-     */
     Player *plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(mob->target);
 
     if (mob->skillStyle >= 0) { // corruption hit
@@ -347,7 +352,7 @@ static void useAbilities(Mob *mob, time_t currTime) {
 
     if (mob->skillStyle == -2) { // eruption hit
         int skillID = (int)mob->data["m_iMegaType"];
-        std::vector<int> targetData = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+        std::vector<ICombatant*> targets{};
 
         // find the players within range of eruption
         for (auto it = mob->viewableChunks.begin(); it != mob->viewableChunks.end(); it++) {
@@ -357,26 +362,22 @@ static void useAbilities(Mob *mob, time_t currTime) {
                 if (ref.kind != EntityKind::PLAYER)
                     continue;
 
-                CNSocket *s= ref.sock;
+                CNSocket *s = ref.sock;
                 Player *plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(s);
 
-                if (plr->HP <= 0)
+                if (!plr->isAlive())
                     continue;
 
                 int distance = hypot(mob->hitX - plr->x, mob->hitY - plr->y);
                 if (distance < Abilities::SkillTable[skillID].effectArea) {
-                    targetData[0] += 1;
+                    targets.push_back(plr);
-                    targetData[targetData[0]] = plr->iID;
+                    if (targets.size() > 3) // make sure not to have more than 4
-                    if (targetData[0] > 3) // make sure not to have more than 4
                         break;
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        // TODO ABILITIES
+        Abilities::useNPCSkill(mob->id, skillID, targets);
-        /*for (auto& pwr : Abilities::Powers)
-            if (pwr.skillType == Abilities::SkillTable[skillID].skillType)
-                pwr.handle(mob->id, targetData, skillID, Abilities::SkillTable[skillID].durationTime[0], Abilities::SkillTable[skillID].powerIntensity[0]);*/
         mob->skillStyle = -3; // eruption cooldown
         mob->nextAttack = currTime + 1000;
         return;
@@ -394,14 +395,11 @@ static void useAbilities(Mob *mob, time_t currTime) {
 
     if (random < prob1) { // active skill hit
         int skillID = (int)mob->data["m_iActiveSkill1"];
-        // TODO ABILITIES
+        SkillData* skill = &Abilities::SkillTable[skillID];
-        //std::vector<int> targetData = {1, plr->iID, 0, 0, 0};
+        int debuffID = Abilities::getCSTBFromST(skill->skillType);
-        //for (auto& pwr : Abilities::Powers)
+        if(plr->hasBuff(debuffID))
-        //    if (pwr.skillType == Abilities::SkillTable[skillID].skillType) {
+            return; // prevent debuffing a player twice
-        //        if (pwr.bitFlag != 0 && (plr->iConditionBitFlag & pwr.bitFlag))
+        Abilities::useNPCSkill(mob->getRef(), skillID, { plr });
-        //            return; // prevent debuffing a player twice
-        //        pwr.handle(mob->id, targetData, skillID, Abilities::SkillTable[skillID].durationTime[0], Abilities::SkillTable[skillID].powerIntensity[0]);
-        //    }
         mob->nextAttack = currTime + (int)mob->data["m_iDelayTime"] * 100;
         return;
     }
@@ -442,31 +440,6 @@ static void useAbilities(Mob *mob, time_t currTime) {
     return;
 }
 
-static void drainMobHP(Mob *mob, int amount) {
-    size_t resplen = sizeof(sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_TICK) + sizeof(sSkillResult_Damage);
-    assert(resplen < CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE - 8);
-    uint8_t respbuf[CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE];
-
-    memset(respbuf, 0, resplen);
-
-    sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_TICK *pkt = (sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_TICK*)respbuf;
-    sSkillResult_Damage *drain = (sSkillResult_Damage*)(respbuf + sizeof(sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_TICK));
-
-    pkt->iID = mob->id;
-    pkt->eCT = 4; // mob
-    pkt->iTB_ID = ECSB_BOUNDINGBALL;
-
-    drain->eCT = 4;
-    drain->iID = mob->id;
-    drain->iDamage = amount;
-    drain->iHP = mob->hp -= amount;
-
-    NPCManager::sendToViewable(mob, (void*)&respbuf, P_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_TICK, resplen);
-
-    if (mob->hp <= 0)
-        mob->transition(AIState::DEAD, mob->target);
-}
-
 void MobAI::incNextMovement(Mob* mob, time_t currTime) {
     if (currTime == 0)
         currTime = getTime();
@@ -553,38 +526,27 @@ void MobAI::combatStep(CombatNPC* npc, time_t currTime) {
         return;
     }
 
-    // drain
+    // tick buffs
-    if (self->skillStyle < 0 && (self->lastDrainTime == 0 || currTime - self->lastDrainTime >= 1000)
+    auto it = npc->buffs.begin();
-        && self->cbf & CSB_BIT_BOUNDINGBALL) {
+    while(it != npc->buffs.end()) {
-        drainMobHP(self, self->maxHealth / 20); // lose 5% every second
+        Buff* buff = (*it).second;
-        self->lastDrainTime = currTime;
+        buff->combatTick(currTime);
-    }
 
-    // if drain killed the mob, return early
+        // if mob state changed, end the step
-    if (self->hp <= 0)
+        if(self->state != AIState::COMBAT)
-        return;
+            return;
 
-    // unbuffing
+        buff->tick(currTime);
-    std::unordered_map<int32_t, time_t>::iterator it = self->unbuffTimes.begin();
+        if(buff->isStale()) {
-    while (it != self->unbuffTimes.end()) {
+            // garbage collect
-
+            it = npc->buffs.erase(it);
-        if (currTime >= it->second) {
+            delete buff;
-            self->cbf &= ~it->first;
-
-            INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_OUT, pkt1);
-            pkt1.eCT = 2;
-            pkt1.iID = self->id;
-            pkt1.iConditionBitFlag = self->cbf;
-            NPCManager::sendToViewable(self, &pkt1, P_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_OUT, sizeof(sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_OUT));
-
-            it = self->unbuffTimes.erase(it);
-        } else {
-            it++;
         }
+        else it++;
     }
 
     // skip attack if stunned or asleep
-    if (self->cbf & (CSB_BIT_STUN|CSB_BIT_MEZ)) {
+    if (self->hasBuff(ECSB_STUN) || self->hasBuff(ECSB_MEZ)) {
         self->skillStyle = -1; // in this case we also reset the any outlying abilities the mob might be winding up.
         return;
     }
@@ -600,6 +562,7 @@ void MobAI::combatStep(CombatNPC* npc, time_t currTime) {
     }
 
     int distanceToTravel = INT_MAX;
+    int speed = self->speed;
     // movement logic: move when out of range but don't move while casting a skill
     if (distance > mobRange && self->skillStyle == -1) {
         if (self->nextMovement != 0 && currTime < self->nextMovement)
@@ -609,8 +572,8 @@ void MobAI::combatStep(CombatNPC* npc, time_t currTime) {
             self->nextAttack = 0;
 
         // halve movement speed if snared
-        if (self->cbf & CSB_BIT_DN_MOVE_SPEED)
+        if (self->hasBuff(ECSB_DN_MOVE_SPEED))
-            self->speed /= 2;
+            speed /= 2;
 
         int targetX = plr->x;
         int targetY = plr->y;
@@ -619,9 +582,9 @@ void MobAI::combatStep(CombatNPC* npc, time_t currTime) {
             targetY += self->offsetY*distance/(self->idleRange + 1);
         }
 
-        distanceToTravel = std::min(distance-mobRange+1, self->speed*2/5);
+        distanceToTravel = std::min(distance-mobRange+1, speed*2/5);
         auto targ = lerp(self->x, self->y, targetX, targetY, distanceToTravel);
-        if (distanceToTravel < self->speed*2/5 && currTime >= self->nextAttack)
+        if (distanceToTravel < speed*2/5 && currTime >= self->nextAttack)
             self->nextAttack = 0;
 
         NPCManager::updateNPCPosition(self->id, targ.first, targ.second, self->z, self->instanceID, self->angle);
@@ -629,7 +592,7 @@ void MobAI::combatStep(CombatNPC* npc, time_t currTime) {
         INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_NPC_MOVE, pkt);
 
         pkt.iNPC_ID = self->id;
-        pkt.iSpeed = self->speed;
+        pkt.iSpeed = speed;
         pkt.iToX = self->x = targ.first;
         pkt.iToY = self->y = targ.second;
         pkt.iToZ = plr->z;
@@ -715,7 +678,7 @@ void MobAI::roamingStep(CombatNPC* npc, time_t currTime) {
     farY = std::clamp(farY, yStart, yStart + self->idleRange);
 
     // halve movement speed if snared
-    if (self->cbf & CSB_BIT_DN_MOVE_SPEED)
+    if (self->hasBuff(ECSB_DN_MOVE_SPEED))
         self->speed /= 2;
 
     std::queue<Vec3> queue;
@@ -788,14 +751,10 @@ void MobAI::onRoamStart(CombatNPC* npc, EntityRef src) {
     self->hp = self->maxHealth;
     self->killedTime = 0;
     self->nextAttack = 0;
-    self->cbf = 0;
 
     // cast a return home heal spell, this is the right way(tm)
-    // TODO ABILITIES
+    Abilities::useNPCSkill(npc->getRef(), 110, { npc });
-    /*std::vector<int> targetData = { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+
-    for (auto& pwr : Abilities::Powers)
-        if (pwr.skillType == Abilities::SkillTable[110].skillType)
-            pwr.handle(self->id, targetData, 110, Abilities::SkillTable[110].durationTime[0], Abilities::SkillTable[110].powerIntensity[0]);*/
     // clear outlying debuffs
     clearDebuff(self);
 }
@@ -812,12 +771,9 @@ void MobAI::onCombatStart(CombatNPC* npc, EntityRef src) {
     self->roamY = self->y;
     self->roamZ = self->z;
 
-    int skillID = (int)self->data["m_iPassiveBuff"]; // cast passive
+    int skillID = (int)self->data["m_iPassiveBuff"];
-    // TODO ABILITIES
+    if(skillID != 0) // cast passive
-    /*std::vector<int> targetData = { 1, self->id, 0, 0, 0 };
+        Abilities::useNPCSkill(npc->getRef(), skillID, { npc });
-    for (auto& pwr : Abilities::Powers)
-        if (pwr.skillType == Abilities::SkillTable[skillID].skillType)
-            pwr.handle(self->id, targetData, skillID, Abilities::SkillTable[skillID].durationTime[0], Abilities::SkillTable[skillID].powerIntensity[0]);*/
 }
 
 void MobAI::onRetreat(CombatNPC* npc, EntityRef src) {
@@ -833,9 +789,8 @@ void MobAI::onDeath(CombatNPC* npc, EntityRef src) {
     Mob* self = (Mob*)npc;
 
     self->target = nullptr;
-    self->cbf = 0;
     self->skillStyle = -1;
-    self->unbuffTimes.clear();
+    self->clearBuffs(true);
     self->killedTime = getTime(); // XXX: maybe introduce a shard-global time for each step?
 
     // check for the edge case where hitting the mob did not aggro it

src/MobAI.hpp

@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ namespace MobAI {
 }
 
 struct Mob : public CombatNPC {
-    // general
-    std::unordered_map<int32_t,time_t> unbuffTimes = {};
 
     // dead
     time_t killedTime = 0;
@@ -52,8 +50,8 @@ struct Mob : public CombatNPC {
     // temporary; until we're sure what's what
     nlohmann::json data = {};
 
-    Mob(int x, int y, int z, int angle, uint64_t iID, int t, nlohmann::json d, int32_t id)
+    Mob(int spawnX, int spawnY, int spawnZ, int angle, uint64_t iID, int t, nlohmann::json d, int32_t id)
-        : CombatNPC(x, y, z, angle, iID, t, id, d["m_iHP"]),
+        : CombatNPC(spawnX, spawnY, spawnZ, angle, iID, t, id, d["m_iHP"]),
           sightRange(d["m_iSightRange"]) {
         state = AIState::ROAMING;
 
@@ -64,15 +62,13 @@ struct Mob : public CombatNPC {
         idleRange = (int)data["m_iIdleRange"];
         level = data["m_iNpcLevel"];
 
-        roamX = x;
+        roamX = spawnX;
-        roamY = y;
+        roamY = spawnY;
-        roamZ = z;
+        roamZ = spawnZ;
 
         offsetX = 0;
         offsetY = 0;
 
-        cbf = 0;
-
         // NOTE: there appear to be discrepancies in the dump
         hp = maxHealth;
 

src/NPCManager.cpp

@@ -94,20 +94,49 @@ void NPCManager::sendToViewable(Entity *npc, void *buf, uint32_t type, size_t si
 static void npcBarkHandler(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
     sP_CL2FE_REQ_BARKER* req = (sP_CL2FE_REQ_BARKER*)data->buf;
 
-    // get bark IDs from task data
+    int taskID = req->iMissionTaskID;
-    TaskData* td = Missions::Tasks[req->iMissionTaskID];
+    // ignore req->iNPC_ID as it is often fixated on a single npc in the region
-    std::vector<int> barks;
+
-    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+    if (Missions::Tasks.find(taskID) == Missions::Tasks.end()) {
-        if (td->task["m_iHBarkerTextID"][i] != 0) // non-zeroes only
+        std::cout << "mission task not found: " << taskID << std::endl;
-            barks.push_back(td->task["m_iHBarkerTextID"][i]);
+        return;
     }
 
-    if (barks.empty())
+    TaskData* td = Missions::Tasks[taskID];
-        return; // no barks
+    auto& barks = td->task["m_iHBarkerTextID"];
+
+    Player* plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(sock);
+    std::vector<std::pair<int32_t, int32_t>> npcLines;
+
+    for (Chunk* chunk : plr->viewableChunks) {
+        for (auto ent = chunk->entities.begin(); ent != chunk->entities.end(); ent++) {
+            if (ent->kind != EntityKind::SIMPLE_NPC)
+                continue;
+
+            BaseNPC* npc = (BaseNPC*)ent->getEntity();
+            if (npc->type < 0 || npc->type >= NPCData.size())
+                continue; // npc unknown ?!
+
+            int barkType = NPCData[npc->type]["m_iBarkerType"];
+            if (barkType < 1 || barkType > 4)
+                continue; // no barks
+
+            int barkID = barks[barkType - 1];
+            if (barkID == 0)
+                continue; // no barks
+
+            npcLines.push_back(std::make_pair(npc->id, barkID));
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (npcLines.size() == 0)
+        return; // totally no barks
+
+    auto& [npcID, missionStringID] = npcLines[Rand::rand(npcLines.size())];
 
     INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_REP_BARKER, resp);
-    resp.iNPC_ID = req->iNPC_ID;
+    resp.iNPC_ID = npcID;
-    resp.iMissionStringID = barks[Rand::rand(barks.size())];
+    resp.iMissionStringID = missionStringID;
     sock->sendPacket(resp, P_FE2CL_REP_BARKER);
 }
 
@@ -122,16 +151,15 @@ static void npcUnsummonHandler(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
 }
 
 // type must already be checked and updateNPCPosition() must be called on the result
-BaseNPC *NPCManager::summonNPC(int x, int y, int z, uint64_t instance, int type, bool respawn, bool baseInstance) {
+BaseNPC *NPCManager::summonNPC(int spawnX, int spawnY, int spawnZ, uint64_t instance, int type, bool respawn, bool baseInstance) {
     uint64_t inst = baseInstance ? MAPNUM(instance) : instance;
 
-    //assert(nextId < INT32_MAX);
     int id = nextId--;
     int team = NPCData[type]["m_iTeam"];
     BaseNPC *npc = nullptr;
 
     if (team == 2) {
-        npc = new Mob(x, y, z, inst, type, NPCData[type], id);
+        npc = new Mob(spawnX, spawnY, spawnZ, inst, type, NPCData[type], id);
 
         // re-enable respawning, if desired
         ((Mob*)npc)->summoned = !respawn;
@@ -294,57 +322,55 @@ BaseNPC* NPCManager::getNearestNPC(std::set<Chunk*>* chunks, int X, int Y, int Z
     return npc;
 }
 
-// TODO: Move this to MobAI, possibly
+// TODO: Move this to separate file in ai/ subdir when implementing more events
 #pragma region NPCEvents
 
 // summon right arm and stage 2 body
-static void lordFuseStageTwo(CNSocket *sock, BaseNPC *npc) {
+static void lordFuseStageTwo(CombatNPC *npc) {
     Mob *oldbody = (Mob*)npc; // adaptium, stun
-    Player *plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(sock);
 
     std::cout << "Lord Fuse stage two" << std::endl;
 
     // Fuse doesn't move
     // Blastons, Heal
-    Mob *newbody = (Mob*)NPCManager::summonNPC(oldbody->x, oldbody->y, oldbody->z, plr->instanceID, 2467);
+    Mob *newbody = (Mob*)NPCManager::summonNPC(oldbody->x, oldbody->y, oldbody->z, oldbody->instanceID, 2467);
 
     newbody->angle = oldbody->angle;
-    NPCManager::updateNPCPosition(newbody->id, newbody->x, newbody->y, newbody->z,
+    NPCManager::updateNPCPosition(newbody->id, newbody->spawnX, newbody->spawnY, newbody->spawnZ,
-        plr->instanceID, oldbody->angle);
+        oldbody->instanceID, oldbody->angle);
 
     // right arm, Adaptium, Stun
-    Mob *arm = (Mob*)NPCManager::summonNPC(oldbody->x - 600, oldbody->y, oldbody->z, plr->instanceID, 2469);
+    Mob *arm = (Mob*)NPCManager::summonNPC(oldbody->x - 600, oldbody->y, oldbody->z, oldbody->instanceID, 2469);
 
     arm->angle = oldbody->angle;
-    NPCManager::updateNPCPosition(arm->id, arm->x, arm->y, arm->z,
+    NPCManager::updateNPCPosition(arm->id, arm->spawnX, arm->spawnY, arm->spawnZ,
-        plr->instanceID, oldbody->angle);
+        oldbody->instanceID, oldbody->angle);
 }
 
 // summon left arm and stage 3 body
-static void lordFuseStageThree(CNSocket *sock, BaseNPC *npc) {
+static void lordFuseStageThree(CombatNPC *npc) {
     Mob *oldbody = (Mob*)npc;
-    Player *plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(sock);
 
     std::cout << "Lord Fuse stage three" << std::endl;
 
     // Cosmix, Damage Point
-    Mob *newbody = (Mob*)NPCManager::summonNPC(oldbody->x, oldbody->y, oldbody->z, plr->instanceID, 2468);
+    Mob *newbody = (Mob*)NPCManager::summonNPC(oldbody->x, oldbody->y, oldbody->z, oldbody->instanceID, 2468);
 
     newbody->angle = oldbody->angle;
-    NPCManager::updateNPCPosition(newbody->id, newbody->x, newbody->y, newbody->z,
+    NPCManager::updateNPCPosition(newbody->id, newbody->spawnX, newbody->spawnY, newbody->spawnZ,
-        plr->instanceID, oldbody->angle);
+        newbody->instanceID, oldbody->angle);
 
     // Blastons, Heal
-    Mob *arm = (Mob*)NPCManager::summonNPC(oldbody->x + 600, oldbody->y, oldbody->z, plr->instanceID, 2470);
+    Mob *arm = (Mob*)NPCManager::summonNPC(oldbody->x + 600, oldbody->y, oldbody->z, oldbody->instanceID, 2470);
 
     arm->angle = oldbody->angle;
-    NPCManager::updateNPCPosition(arm->id, arm->x, arm->y, arm->z,
+    NPCManager::updateNPCPosition(arm->id, arm->spawnX, arm->spawnY, arm->spawnZ,
-        plr->instanceID, oldbody->angle);
+        arm->instanceID, oldbody->angle);
 }
 
 std::vector<NPCEvent> NPCManager::NPCEvents = {
-    NPCEvent(2466, ON_KILLED, lordFuseStageTwo),
+    NPCEvent(2466, AIState::DEAD, lordFuseStageTwo),
-    NPCEvent(2467, ON_KILLED, lordFuseStageThree),
+    NPCEvent(2467, AIState::DEAD, lordFuseStageThree),
 };
 
 #pragma endregion NPCEvents
@@ -376,5 +402,5 @@ void NPCManager::init() {
     REGISTER_SHARD_PACKET(P_CL2FE_REQ_NPC_UNSUMMON, npcUnsummonHandler);
     REGISTER_SHARD_PACKET(P_CL2FE_REQ_BARKER, npcBarkHandler);
 
-    REGISTER_SHARD_TIMER(step, 200);
+    REGISTER_SHARD_TIMER(step, MS_PER_COMBAT_TICK);
 }

src/NPCManager.hpp

@@ -14,20 +14,15 @@
 
 #define RESURRECT_HEIGHT 400
 
-enum Trigger {
+typedef void (*NPCEventHandler)(CombatNPC*);
-    ON_KILLED,
-    ON_COMBAT
-};
-
-typedef void (*NPCEventHandler)(CNSocket*, BaseNPC*);
 
 struct NPCEvent {
     int32_t npcType;
-    int trigger;
+    AIState triggerState;
     NPCEventHandler handler;
 
-    NPCEvent(int32_t t, int tr, NPCEventHandler hndlr)
+    NPCEvent(int32_t t, AIState tr, NPCEventHandler hndlr)
-        : npcType(t), trigger(tr), handler(hndlr) {}
+        : npcType(t), triggerState(tr), handler(hndlr) {}
 };
 
 namespace NPCManager {

src/Nanos.cpp

@@ -69,43 +69,6 @@ void Nanos::addNano(CNSocket* sock, int16_t nanoID, int16_t slot, bool spendfm)
     PlayerManager::sendToViewable(sock, resp2, P_FE2CL_REP_PC_CHANGE_LEVEL);
 }
 
-std::vector<ICombatant*> Nanos::applyNanoBuff(SkillData* skill, Player* plr) {
-    assert(skill->drainType == SkillDrainType::PASSIVE);
-
-    EntityRef self = PlayerManager::getSockFromID(plr->iID);
-
-    int timeBuffId = Abilities::getCSTBFromST(skill->skillType);
-    int boost = Nanos::getNanoBoost(plr) ? 3 : 0;
-    int value = skill->values[0][boost];
-
-    BuffStack passiveBuff = {
-        1, // passive nano buffs refreshed every tick
-        value,
-        self,
-        BuffClass::NONE, // overwritten per target
-    };
-
-    // for passive skills, using just the player as a target is fine
-    // this is because the group skill type will ignore the count,
-    // and the other option is single-target
-    std::vector<ICombatant*> targets = Abilities::matchTargets(dynamic_cast<ICombatant*>(plr), skill, 1, &plr->iID);
-    std::vector<ICombatant*> affected;
-    for (ICombatant* target : targets) {
-
-        passiveBuff.buffStackClass = target == plr ? BuffClass::NANO : BuffClass::GROUP_NANO;
-        if(target->addBuff(timeBuffId,
-            [](EntityRef self, Buff* buff, int status, BuffStack* stack) {
-                Buffs::timeBuffUpdate(self, buff, status, stack);
-            },
-            [](EntityRef self, Buff* buff, time_t currTime) {
-                // no-op
-            },
-            &passiveBuff)) affected.push_back(target);
-    }
-
-    return affected;
-}
-
 void Nanos::summonNano(CNSocket *sock, int slot, bool silent) {
     INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_REP_NANO_ACTIVE_SUCC, resp);
     resp.iActiveNanoSlotNum = slot;
@@ -130,8 +93,10 @@ void Nanos::summonNano(CNSocket *sock, int slot, bool silent) {
     if (slot != -1 && skill != nullptr && skill->drainType == SkillDrainType::PASSIVE) {
         // passive buff effect
         resp.eCSTB___Add = 1;
-        std::vector<ICombatant*> affectedCombatants = applyNanoBuff(skill, plr);
+        ICombatant* src = dynamic_cast<ICombatant*>(plr);
-        if(!affectedCombatants.empty()) Abilities::useNanoSkill(sock, skill, nano, affectedCombatants);
+        int32_t targets[] = { plr->iID };
+        std::vector<ICombatant*> affectedCombatants = Abilities::matchTargets(src, skill, 1, targets);
+        Abilities::useNanoSkill(sock, skill, nano, affectedCombatants);
     }
 
     if (!silent) // silent nano death but only for the summoning player
@@ -145,7 +110,7 @@ void Nanos::summonNano(CNSocket *sock, int slot, bool silent) {
 }
 
 static void setNanoSkill(CNSocket* sock, sP_CL2FE_REQ_NANO_TUNE* skill) {
-    if (skill->iNanoID >= NANO_COUNT)
+    if (skill == nullptr || skill->iNanoID >= NANO_COUNT || skill->iNanoID < 0)
         return;
 
     Player *plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(sock);
@@ -312,7 +277,7 @@ static void nanoSkillUseHandler(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
     std::vector<ICombatant*> targetData = Abilities::matchTargets(plrCombatant, skillData, pkt->iTargetCnt, (int32_t*)(pkt + 1));
     Abilities::useNanoSkill(sock, skillData, nano, targetData);
 
-    if (plr->Nanos[plr->activeNano].iStamina < 0)
+    if (plr->Nanos[plr->activeNano].iStamina <= 0)
         summonNano(sock, -1);
 }
 

src/Nanos.hpp

@@ -26,5 +26,4 @@ namespace Nanos {
     void summonNano(CNSocket* sock, int slot, bool silent = false);
     int nanoStyle(int nanoID);
     bool getNanoBoost(Player* plr);
-    std::vector<ICombatant*> applyNanoBuff(SkillData* skill, Player* plr);
 }

src/Player.hpp

@@ -92,7 +92,8 @@ struct Player : public Entity, public ICombatant {
     virtual bool addBuff(int buffId, BuffCallback<int, BuffStack*> onUpdate, BuffCallback<time_t> onTick, BuffStack* stack) override;
     virtual Buff* getBuff(int buffId) override;
     virtual void removeBuff(int buffId) override;
-    virtual void removeBuff(int buffId, int buffClass) override;
+    virtual void removeBuff(int buffId, BuffClass buffClass) override;
+    virtual void clearBuffs(bool force) override;
     virtual bool hasBuff(int buffId) override;
     virtual int getCompositeCondition() override;
     virtual int takeDamage(EntityRef src, int amt) override;

src/PlayerManager.cpp

@@ -77,7 +77,10 @@ void PlayerManager::updatePlayerPosition(CNSocket* sock, int X, int Y, int Z, ui
     plr->x = X;
     plr->y = Y;
     plr->z = Z;
-    plr->instanceID = I;
+    if (plr->instanceID != I) {
+        plr->instanceID = I;
+        plr->recallInstance = INSTANCE_OVERWORLD;
+    }
     if (oldChunk == newChunk)
         return; // didn't change chunks
     Chunking::updateEntityChunk({sock}, oldChunk, newChunk);
@@ -123,24 +126,6 @@ void PlayerManager::sendPlayerTo(CNSocket* sock, int X, int Y, int Z, uint64_t I
         sock->sendPacket(resp, P_FE2CL_REP_PC_WARP_USE_NPC_SUCC);
     }
 
-    if (I != INSTANCE_OVERWORLD) {
-        INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_INSTANCE_MAP_INFO, pkt);
-        pkt.iInstanceMapNum = (int32_t)MAPNUM(I); // lower 32 bits are mapnum
-        if (I != fromInstance // do not retransmit MAP_INFO on recall
-        && Racing::EPData.find(pkt.iInstanceMapNum) != Racing::EPData.end()) {
-            EPInfo* ep = &Racing::EPData[pkt.iInstanceMapNum];
-            pkt.iEP_ID = ep->EPID;
-            pkt.iMapCoordX_Min = ep->zoneX * 51200;
-            pkt.iMapCoordX_Max = (ep->zoneX + 1) * 51200;
-            pkt.iMapCoordY_Min = ep->zoneY * 51200;
-            pkt.iMapCoordY_Max = (ep->zoneY + 1) * 51200;
-            pkt.iMapCoordZ_Min = INT32_MIN;
-            pkt.iMapCoordZ_Max = INT32_MAX;
-        }
-
-        sock->sendPacket(pkt, P_FE2CL_INSTANCE_MAP_INFO);
-    }
-
     INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_REP_PC_GOTO_SUCC, pkt2);
     pkt2.iX = X;
     pkt2.iY = Y;
@@ -338,6 +323,14 @@ static void enterPlayer(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
     delete lm;
 }
 
+void PlayerManager::sendToGroup(CNSocket* sock, void* buf, uint32_t type, size_t size) {
+    Player* plr = getPlayer(sock);
+    if (plr->group == nullptr)
+        return;
+    for(const EntityRef& ref : plr->group->filter(EntityKind::PLAYER))
+        ref.sock->sendPacket(buf, type, size);
+}
+
 void PlayerManager::sendToViewable(CNSocket* sock, void* buf, uint32_t type, size_t size) {
     Player* plr = getPlayer(sock);
     for (auto it = plr->viewableChunks.begin(); it != plr->viewableChunks.end(); it++) {
@@ -366,6 +359,24 @@ static void loadPlayer(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
     updatePlayerPosition(sock, plr->x, plr->y, plr->z, plr->instanceID, plr->angle);
 
     sock->sendPacket(response, P_FE2CL_REP_PC_LOADING_COMPLETE_SUCC);
+
+    if (plr->instanceID != INSTANCE_OVERWORLD) {
+        INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_INSTANCE_MAP_INFO, pkt);
+        pkt.iInstanceMapNum = (int32_t)MAPNUM(plr->instanceID); // lower 32 bits are mapnum
+        if (pkt.iInstanceMapNum != plr->recallInstance // do not retransmit MAP_INFO on recall
+        && Racing::EPData.find(pkt.iInstanceMapNum) != Racing::EPData.end()) {
+            EPInfo* ep = &Racing::EPData[pkt.iInstanceMapNum];
+            pkt.iEP_ID = ep->EPID;
+            pkt.iMapCoordX_Min = ep->zoneX * 51200;
+            pkt.iMapCoordX_Max = (ep->zoneX + 1) * 51200;
+            pkt.iMapCoordY_Min = ep->zoneY * 51200;
+            pkt.iMapCoordY_Max = (ep->zoneY + 1) * 51200;
+            pkt.iMapCoordZ_Min = INT32_MIN;
+            pkt.iMapCoordZ_Max = INT32_MAX;
+        }
+
+        sock->sendPacket(pkt, P_FE2CL_INSTANCE_MAP_INFO);
+    }
 }
 
 static void heartbeatPlayer(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
@@ -408,6 +419,7 @@ static void revivePlayer(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
 
     default: // plain respawn
         plr->HP = PC_MAXHEALTH(plr->level) / 2;
+        plr->clearBuffs(false);
         // fallthrough
     case ePCRegenType::Unstick: // warp away
         move = true;
@@ -568,7 +580,7 @@ static void setFirstUseFlag(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
         std::cout << "[WARN] Client submitted invalid first use flag number?!" << std::endl;
         return;
     }
-    
+
     if (flag->iFlagCode <= 64)
         plr->iFirstUseFlag[0] |= (1ULL << (flag->iFlagCode - 1));
     else

src/PlayerManager.hpp

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ namespace PlayerManager {
     CNSocket *getSockFromAny(int by, int id, int uid, std::string firstname, std::string lastname);
     WarpLocation *getRespawnPoint(Player *plr);
 
+    void sendToGroup(CNSocket *sock, void* buf, uint32_t type, size_t size);
     void sendToViewable(CNSocket *sock, void* buf, uint32_t type, size_t size);
 
     // TODO: unify this under the new Entity system

src/Racing.cpp

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ static void racingCancel(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
     INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_REP_EP_RACE_CANCEL_SUCC, resp);
     sock->sendPacket(resp, P_FE2CL_REP_EP_RACE_CANCEL_SUCC);
 
-    /* 
+    /*
      * This request packet is used for both cancelling the race via the
      * NPC at the start, *and* failing the race by running out of time.
      * If the latter is to happen, the client disables movement until it
@@ -99,35 +99,43 @@ static void racingEnd(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
     if (EPData.find(mapNum) == EPData.end() || EPData[mapNum].EPID == 0)
         return; // IZ not found
 
-    uint64_t now = getTime() / 1000;
+    EPInfo& epInfo = EPData[mapNum];
+    EPRace& epRace = EPRaces[sock];
 
-    int timeDiff = now - EPRaces[sock].startTime;
+    uint64_t now = getTime() / 1000;
-    int score = 500 * EPRaces[sock].collectedRings.size() - 10 * timeDiff;
+    int timeDiff = now - epRace.startTime;
-    if (score < 0) score = 0; // lol
+    int podsCollected = epRace.collectedRings.size();
-    int fm = score * plr->level * (1.0f / 36) * 0.3f;
+
+    int score = std::exp(
+        (epInfo.podFactor * podsCollected) / epInfo.maxPods
+        - (epInfo.timeFactor * timeDiff) / epInfo.maxTime
+        + epInfo.scaleFactor);
+    score = (settings::IZRACESCORECAPPED && score > epInfo.maxScore) ? epInfo.maxScore : score;
+    int fm = (1.0 + std::exp(epInfo.scaleFactor - 1.0) * epInfo.podFactor * podsCollected) / epInfo.maxPods;
 
     // we submit the ranking first...
     Database::RaceRanking postRanking = {};
-    postRanking.EPID = EPData[mapNum].EPID;
+    postRanking.EPID = epInfo.EPID;
     postRanking.PlayerID = plr->iID;
-    postRanking.RingCount = EPRaces[sock].collectedRings.size();
+    postRanking.RingCount = podsCollected;
     postRanking.Score = score;
     postRanking.Time = timeDiff;
     postRanking.Timestamp = getTimestamp();
     Database::postRaceRanking(postRanking);
 
     // ...then we get the top ranking, which may or may not be what we just submitted
-    Database::RaceRanking topRankingPlayer = Database::getTopRaceRanking(EPData[mapNum].EPID, plr->iID);
+    Database::RaceRanking topRankingPlayer = Database::getTopRaceRanking(epInfo.EPID, plr->iID);
 
     INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_REP_EP_RACE_END_SUCC, resp);
 
     // get rank scores and rewards
-    std::vector<int>* rankScores = &EPRewards[EPData[mapNum].EPID].first;
+    std::vector<int>* rankScores = &EPRewards[epInfo.EPID].first;
-    std::vector<int>* rankRewards = &EPRewards[EPData[mapNum].EPID].second;
+    std::vector<int>* rankRewards = &EPRewards[epInfo.EPID].second;
 
     // top ranking
+    int maxRank = rankScores->size() - 1;
     int topRank = 0;
-    while (rankScores->at(topRank) > topRankingPlayer.Score)
+    while (topRank < maxRank && rankScores->at(topRank) > topRankingPlayer.Score)
         topRank++;
 
     resp.iEPTopRank = topRank + 1;
@@ -137,7 +145,7 @@ static void racingEnd(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
 
     // this ranking
     int rank = 0;
-    while (rankScores->at(rank) > postRanking.Score)
+    while (rank < maxRank && rankScores->at(rank) > postRanking.Score)
         rank++;
 
     resp.iEPRank = rank + 1;

src/Racing.hpp

@@ -7,7 +7,11 @@
 #include <set>
 
 struct EPInfo {
-    int zoneX, zoneY, EPID, maxScore, maxTime;
+    // available through XDT (maxScore may be updated by drops)
+    int zoneX, zoneY, EPID, maxScore;
+    // available through drops
+    int maxTime, maxPods;
+    double scaleFactor, podFactor, timeFactor;
 };
 
 struct EPRace {

src/TableData.cpp

@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ static void loadPaths(json& pathData, int32_t* nextId) {
             Transport::NPCPaths.push_back(pathTemplate);
         }
         std::cout << "[INFO] Loaded " << Transport::NPCPaths.size() << " NPC paths" << std::endl;
-        
+
     }
     catch (const std::exception& err) {
         std::cerr << "[FATAL] Malformed paths.json file! Reason:" << err.what() << std::endl;
@@ -584,8 +584,17 @@ static void loadDrops(json& dropData) {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            // time limit isn't stored in the XDT, so we include it in the reward table instead
+            EPInfo& epInfo = Racing::EPData[EPMap];
-            Racing::EPData[EPMap].maxTime = race["TimeLimit"];
+
+            // max score is specified in the XDT, but can be updated if specified in the drops JSON
+            epInfo.maxScore = (int)race["ScoreCap"];
+            // time limit and total pods are not stored in the XDT, so we include it in the drops JSON
+            epInfo.maxTime = (int)race["TimeLimit"];
+            epInfo.maxPods = (int)race["TotalPods"];
+            // IZ-specific calculated constants included in the drops JSON
+            epInfo.scaleFactor = (double)race["ScaleFactor"];
+            epInfo.podFactor = (double)race["PodFactor"];
+            epInfo.timeFactor = (double)race["TimeFactor"];
 
             // score cutoffs
             std::vector<int> rankScores;
@@ -601,7 +610,7 @@ static void loadDrops(json& dropData) {
 
             if (rankScores.size() != 5 || rankScores.size() != rankRewards.size()) {
                 char buff[255];
-                sprintf(buff, "Race in EP %d doesn't have exactly 5 score/reward pairs", raceEPID);
+                snprintf(buff, 255, "Race in EP %d doesn't have exactly 5 score/reward pairs", raceEPID);
                 throw TableException(std::string(buff));
             }
 
@@ -686,7 +695,7 @@ static void loadEggs(json& eggData, int32_t* nextId) {
     }
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
  * Load gruntwork output, if it exists
  */
 static void loadGruntworkPre(json& gruntwork, int32_t* nextId) {
@@ -1361,7 +1370,7 @@ void TableData::flush() {
             targetIDs.push_back(tID);
         for (int32_t tType : path.targetTypes)
             targetTypes.push_back(tType);
-        
+
         pathObj["iBaseSpeed"] = path.speed;
         pathObj["iTaskID"] = path.escortTaskID;
         pathObj["bRelative"] = path.isRelative;

src/core/CNStructs.hpp

@@ -50,13 +50,15 @@ time_t getTime();
 time_t getTimestamp();
 void terminate(int);
 
-// The PROTOCOL_VERSION definition is defined by the build system.
+// The PROTOCOL_VERSION definition can be defined by the build system.
 #if !defined(PROTOCOL_VERSION)
+    #define PROTOCOL_VERSION 104
+#endif
+
+#if PROTOCOL_VERSION == 104
     #include "structs/0104.hpp"
 #elif PROTOCOL_VERSION == 728
     #include "structs/0728.hpp"
-#elif PROTOCOL_VERSION == 104
-    #include "structs/0104.hpp"
 #elif PROTOCOL_VERSION == 1013
     #include "structs/1013.hpp"
 #else

src/core/Defines.hpp

@@ -46,49 +46,8 @@ enum class ePCRegenType {
     End
 };
 
-// nano powers
+// nano power flags
 enum {
-    EST_NONE = 0,
-    EST_DAMAGE = 1,
-    EST_HEAL_HP = 2,
-    EST_KNOCKDOWN = 3,
-    EST_SLEEP = 4,
-    EST_SNARE = 5,
-    EST_HEAL_STAMINA = 6,
-    EST_STAMINA_SELF = 7,
-    EST_STUN = 8,
-    EST_WEAPONSLOW = 9,
-    EST_JUMP = 10,
-    EST_RUN = 11,
-    EST_STEALTH = 12,
-    EST_SWIM = 13,
-    EST_MINIMAPENEMY = 14,
-    EST_MINIMAPTRESURE = 15,
-    EST_PHOENIX = 16,
-    EST_PROTECTBATTERY = 17,
-    EST_PROTECTINFECTION = 18,
-    EST_REWARDBLOB = 19,
-    EST_REWARDCASH = 20,
-    EST_BATTERYDRAIN = 21,
-    EST_CORRUPTIONATTACK = 22,
-    EST_INFECTIONDAMAGE = 23,
-    EST_KNOCKBACK = 24,
-    EST_FREEDOM = 25,
-    EST_PHOENIX_GROUP = 26,
-    EST_RECALL = 27,
-    EST_RECALL_GROUP = 28,
-    EST_RETROROCKET_SELF = 29,
-    EST_BLOODSUCKING = 30,
-    EST_BOUNDINGBALL = 31,
-    EST_INVULNERABLE = 32,
-    EST_NANOSTIMPAK = 33,
-    EST_RETURNHOMEHEAL = 34,
-    EST_BUFFHEAL = 35,
-    EST_EXTRABANK = 36,
-    EST__END = 37,
-    EST_CORRUPTIONATTACKWIN = 38,
-    EST_CORRUPTIONATTACKLOSE = 39,
-
     ECSB_NONE = 0,
     ECSB_UP_MOVE_SPEED = 1,
     ECSB_UP_SWIM_SPEED = 2,

src/db/init.cpp

@@ -226,10 +226,11 @@ static void createTables() {
 static int getTableSize(std::string tableName) {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(dbCrit); // XXX
 
-    const char* sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ?";
+    // you aren't allowed to bind the table name
+    const char* sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ";
+    tableName.insert(0, sql);
     sqlite3_stmt* stmt;
-    sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, sql, -1, &stmt, NULL);
+    sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, tableName.c_str(), -1, &stmt, NULL);
-    sqlite3_bind_text(stmt, 1, tableName.c_str(), -1, NULL);
     sqlite3_step(stmt);
     int result = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 0);
     sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
@@ -266,17 +267,17 @@ void Database::open() {
     checkMetaTable();
     createTables();
 
-    std::cout << "[INFO] Database in operation ";
+    std::cout << "[INFO] Database in operation";
     int accounts = getTableSize("Accounts");
     int players = getTableSize("Players");
     std::string message = "";
     if (accounts > 0) {
-        message += ": Found " + std::to_string(accounts) + " Account";
+        message += ": Found " + std::to_string(accounts) + " account";
         if (accounts > 1)
             message += "s";
     }
     if (players > 0) {
-        message += " and " + std::to_string(players) + " Player Character";
+        message += " and " + std::to_string(players) + " player";
         if (players > 1)
             message += "s";
     }

src/db/shard.cpp

@@ -208,6 +208,8 @@ void Database::addBlock(int playerId, int blockedPlayerId) {
 }
 
 void Database::removeBlock(int playerId, int blockedPlayerId) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(dbCrit);
+
     const char* sql = R"(
         DELETE FROM Blocks
         WHERE PlayerID = ? AND BlockedPlayerID = ?;

src/main.cpp

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ void terminate(int arg) {
 }
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
-static BOOL winTerminate(DWORD arg) {
+static BOOL WINAPI winTerminate(DWORD arg) {
     terminate(0);
     return FALSE;
 }

src/servers/CNShardServer.hpp

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #define REGISTER_SHARD_PACKET(pactype, handlr) CNShardServer::ShardPackets[pactype] = handlr;
 #define REGISTER_SHARD_TIMER(handlr, delta) CNShardServer::Timers.push_back(TimerEvent(handlr, delta));
 #define MS_PER_PLAYER_TICK 500
+#define MS_PER_COMBAT_TICK 200
 
 class CNShardServer : public CNServer {
 private:

src/settings.cpp

@@ -67,6 +67,9 @@ int settings::MONITORINTERVAL = 5000;
 // event mode settings
 int settings::EVENTMODE = 0;
 
+// race settings
+bool settings::IZRACESCORECAPPED = true;
+
 void settings::init() {
     INIReader reader("config.ini");
 
@@ -111,6 +114,7 @@ void settings::init() {
     EVENTMODE = reader.GetInteger("shard", "eventmode", EVENTMODE);
     DISABLEFIRSTUSEFLAG = reader.GetBoolean("shard", "disablefirstuseflag", DISABLEFIRSTUSEFLAG);
     ANTICHEAT = reader.GetBoolean("shard", "anticheat", ANTICHEAT);
+    IZRACESCORECAPPED = reader.GetBoolean("shard", "izracescorecapped", IZRACESCORECAPPED);
     MONITORENABLED = reader.GetBoolean("monitor", "enabled", MONITORENABLED);
     MONITORPORT = reader.GetInteger("monitor", "port", MONITORPORT);
     MONITORINTERVAL = reader.GetInteger("monitor", "interval", MONITORINTERVAL);

src/settings.hpp

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ namespace settings {
     extern int MONITORPORT;
     extern int MONITORINTERVAL;
     extern bool DISABLEFIRSTUSEFLAG;
+    extern bool IZRACESCORECAPPED;
 
     void init();
 }

vendor/bcrypt/bcrypt.c

@@ -22,9 +22,13 @@
 #endif
 #include <errno.h>
 
-#ifdef _WIN32 || _WIN64
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
 // On windows we need to generate random bytes differently.
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64)
+typedef __int32 ssize_t;
+#elif defined(_WIN32) && defined(_WIN64)
 typedef __int64 ssize_t;
+#endif
 #define BCRYPT_HASHSIZE 60
 
 #include "bcrypt.h"
@@ -117,7 +121,7 @@ int bcrypt_gensalt(int factor, char salt[BCRYPT_HASHSIZE])
 	char *aux;
 
 	// Note: Windows does not have /dev/urandom sadly.
-#ifdef _WIN32 || _WIN64
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
 	HCRYPTPROV p;
 	ULONG     i;
 

vendor/bcrypt/crypt_blowfish.c

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 #endif
 
 /* Just to make sure the prototypes match the actual definitions */
-#ifdef _WIN32 || _WIN64
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
 #include "crypt_blowfish.h"
 #else
 #include "crypt_blowfish.h"

vendor/bcrypt/wrapper.c

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 #define __SKIP_GNU
 #endif
 
-#ifdef _WIN32 | _WIN64
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
 #include "ow-crypt.h"
 
 #include "crypt_blowfish.h"
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ char *__crypt_gensalt_ra(const char *prefix, unsigned long count,
 		input, size, output, sizeof(output));
 
 	if (retval) {
-#ifdef _WIN32 | _WIN64
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
 		retval = _strdup(retval);
 #else
 		retval = strdup(retval);