[refactor] New buff framework (player implementation)

Get rid of `iConditionBitFlag` in favor of a system of individual buff
objects that get composited to a bitflag on-the-fly.
Buff objects can have callbacks for application, expiration, and tick,
making them pretty flexible. Scripting languages can eventually use
these for custom behavior, too.

TODO:
- Get rid of bitflag in BaseNPC
- Apply buffs from passive nano powers
- Apply buffs from active nano powers
- Move eggs to new system
- ???

Makefile

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ CXXSRC=\
 	src/db/email.cpp\
 	src/sandbox/seccomp.cpp\
 	src/sandbox/openbsd.cpp\
+	src/Buffs.cpp\
 	src/Chat.cpp\
 	src/CustomCommands.cpp\
 	src/Entities.cpp\
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ CXXHDR=\
 	vendor/JSON.hpp\
 	vendor/INIReader.hpp\
 	vendor/JSON.hpp\
+	src/Buffs.hpp\
 	src/Chat.hpp\
 	src/CustomCommands.hpp\
 	src/Entities.hpp\

src/Abilities.cpp

@@ -2,17 +2,260 @@
 
 #include "NPCManager.hpp"
 #include "PlayerManager.hpp"
+#include "Buffs.hpp"
+#include "Nanos.hpp"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+using namespace Abilities;
 
 std::map<int32_t, SkillData> Abilities::SkillTable;
 
-/*
+#pragma region Skill handlers
-// New email notification
+static SkillResult handleSkillDamage(SkillData* skill, int power, ICombatant* source, ICombatant* target) {
-static void emailUpdateCheck(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
+    EntityRef sourceRef = source->getRef();
-    INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_REP_PC_NEW_EMAIL, resp);
+    double scalingFactor = 1;
-    resp.iNewEmailCnt = Database::getUnreadEmailCount(PlayerManager::getPlayer(sock)->iID);
+    if(sourceRef.kind == EntityKind::PLAYER)
-    sock->sendPacket(resp, P_FE2CL_REP_PC_NEW_EMAIL);
+        scalingFactor = std::max(source->getMaxHP(), target->getMaxHP()) / 1000.0;
+    else
+        scalingFactor = source->getMaxHP() / 1500.0;
+
+    int damage = (int)(skill->values[0][power] * scalingFactor);
+    int dealt = target->takeDamage(sourceRef, damage);
+
+    sSkillResult_Damage result{};
+    result.eCT = target->getCharType();
+    result.iID = target->getID();
+    result.bProtected = dealt <= 0;
+    result.iDamage = dealt;
+    result.iHP = target->getCurrentHP();
+    return SkillResult(sizeof(sSkillResult_Damage), &result);
+}
+
+static SkillResult handleSkillHealHP(SkillData* skill, int power, ICombatant* source, ICombatant* target) {
+    EntityRef sourceRef = source->getRef();
+    int heal = skill->values[0][power];
+    int healed = target->heal(sourceRef, heal);
+
+    sSkillResult_Heal_HP result{};
+    result.eCT = target->getCharType();
+    result.iID = target->getID();
+    result.iHealHP = healed;
+    result.iHP = target->getCurrentHP();
+    return SkillResult(sizeof(sSkillResult_Heal_HP), &result);
+}
+
+static SkillResult handleSkillDamageNDebuff(SkillData* skill, int power, ICombatant* source, ICombatant* target) {
+    // TODO abilities
+    sSkillResult_Damage_N_Debuff result{};
+    result.eCT = target->getCharType();
+    result.iID = target->getID();
+    result.bProtected = false;
+    result.iConditionBitFlag = target->getCompositeCondition();
+    return SkillResult(sizeof(sSkillResult_Damage_N_Debuff), &result);
+}
+
+static SkillResult handleSkillBuff(SkillData* skill, int power, ICombatant* source, ICombatant* target) {
+    sSkillResult_Buff result{};
+    result.eCT = target->getCharType();
+    result.iID = target->getID();
+    result.bProtected = false;
+    result.iConditionBitFlag = target->getCompositeCondition();
+    return SkillResult(sizeof(sSkillResult_Buff), &result);
+}
+
+static SkillResult handleSkillBatteryDrain(SkillData* skill, int power, ICombatant* source, ICombatant* target) {
+    if(target->getCharType() != 1)
+        return SkillResult(); // only Players are valid targets for battery drain
+    Player* plr = dynamic_cast<Player*>(target);
+
+    const double scalingFactor = (18 + source->getLevel()) / 36.0;
+
+    int boostDrain = (int)(skill->values[0][power] * scalingFactor);
+    if(boostDrain > plr->batteryW) boostDrain = plr->batteryW;
+    plr->batteryW -= boostDrain;
+
+    int potionDrain = (int)(skill->values[1][power] * scalingFactor);
+    if(potionDrain > plr->batteryN) potionDrain = plr->batteryN;
+    plr->batteryN -= potionDrain;
+
+    sSkillResult_BatteryDrain result{};
+    result.eCT = target->getCharType();
+    result.iID = target->getID();
+    result.bProtected = target->hasBuff(ECSB_PROTECT_BATTERY);
+    result.iDrainW = boostDrain;
+    result.iBatteryW = plr->batteryW;
+    result.iDrainN = potionDrain;
+    result.iBatteryN = plr->batteryN;
+    result.iStamina = plr->getActiveNano()->iStamina;
+    result.bNanoDeactive = plr->getActiveNano()->iStamina <= 0;
+    result.iConditionBitFlag = target->getCompositeCondition();
+    return SkillResult(sizeof(sSkillResult_BatteryDrain), &result);
+}
+
+static SkillResult handleSkillMove(SkillData* skill, int power, ICombatant* source, ICombatant* target) {
+    if(source->getCharType() != 1)
+        return SkillResult(); // only Players are valid sources for recall
+    Player* plr = dynamic_cast<Player*>(source);
+
+    sSkillResult_Move result{};
+    result.eCT = target->getCharType();
+    result.iID = target->getID();
+    result.iMapNum = plr->recallInstance;
+    result.iMoveX = plr->recallX;
+    result.iMoveY = plr->recallY;
+    result.iMoveZ = plr->recallZ;
+    return SkillResult(sizeof(sSkillResult_Move), &result);
+}
+
+static SkillResult handleSkillResurrect(SkillData* skill, int power, ICombatant* source, ICombatant* target) {
+    sSkillResult_Resurrect result{};
+    result.eCT = target->getCharType();
+    result.iID = target->getID();
+    result.iRegenHP = target->getCurrentHP();
+    return SkillResult(sizeof(sSkillResult_Resurrect), &result);
+}
+#pragma endregion
+
+static std::vector<SkillResult> handleSkill(SkillData* skill, int power, ICombatant* src, std::vector<ICombatant*> targets) {
+    size_t resultSize = 0;
+    SkillResult (*skillHandler)(SkillData*, int, ICombatant*, ICombatant*) = nullptr;
+    std::vector<SkillResult> results;
+
+    switch(skill->skillType)
+    {
+        case EST_DAMAGE:
+            resultSize = sizeof(sSkillResult_Damage);
+            skillHandler = handleSkillDamage;
+            break;
+        case EST_HEAL_HP:
+        case EST_RETURNHOMEHEAL:
+            resultSize = sizeof(sSkillResult_Heal_HP);
+            skillHandler = handleSkillHealHP;
+            break;
+        case EST_JUMP:
+        case EST_RUN:
+        case EST_FREEDOM:
+        case EST_PHOENIX:
+        case EST_INVULNERABLE:
+        case EST_MINIMAPENEMY:
+        case EST_MINIMAPTRESURE:
+        case EST_NANOSTIMPAK:
+        case EST_PROTECTBATTERY:
+        case EST_PROTECTINFECTION:
+        case EST_REWARDBLOB:
+        case EST_REWARDCASH:
+        case EST_STAMINA_SELF:
+        case EST_STEALTH:
+            resultSize = sizeof(sSkillResult_Buff);
+            skillHandler = handleSkillBuff;
+            break;
+        case EST_BATTERYDRAIN:
+            resultSize = sizeof(sSkillResult_BatteryDrain);
+            skillHandler = handleSkillBatteryDrain;
+            break;
+        case EST_RECALL:
+        case EST_RECALL_GROUP:
+            resultSize = sizeof(sSkillResult_Move);
+            skillHandler = handleSkillMove;
+            break;
+        case EST_PHOENIX_GROUP:
+            resultSize = sizeof(sSkillResult_Resurrect);
+            skillHandler = handleSkillResurrect;
+            break;
+        default:
+            std::cout << "[WARN] Unhandled skill type " << skill->skillType << std::endl;
+            return results;
+    }
+    assert(skillHandler != nullptr);
+
+    for(ICombatant* target : targets) {
+        assert(target != nullptr);
+        SkillResult result = skillHandler(skill, power, src != nullptr ? src : target, target);
+        if(result.size == 0) continue; // skill not applicable
+        if(result.size != resultSize) {
+            std::cout << "[WARN] bad skill result size for " << skill->skillType << " from " << (void*)handleSkillBuff << std::endl;
+            continue;
+        }
+        results.push_back(result);
+    }
+    return results;
+}
+
+static void attachSkillResults(std::vector<SkillResult> results, size_t resultSize, uint8_t* pivot) {
+    for(SkillResult& result : results) {
+        memcpy(pivot, result.payload, resultSize);
+        pivot += resultSize;
+    }
+}
+
+void Abilities::useNanoSkill(CNSocket* sock, sNano& nano, std::vector<ICombatant*> affected) {
+    if(SkillTable.count(nano.iSkillID) == 0)
+        return;
+
+    SkillData* skill = &SkillTable[nano.iSkillID];
+    Player* plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(sock);
+
+    std::vector<SkillResult> results = handleSkill(skill, Nanos::getNanoBoost(plr), plr, affected);
+    size_t resultSize = results.back().size; // guaranteed to be the same for every item
+
+    if (!validOutVarPacket(sizeof(sP_FE2CL_NANO_SKILL_USE_SUCC), results.size(), resultSize)) {
+        std::cout << "[WARN] bad sP_FE2CL_NANO_SKILL_USE_SUCC packet size\n";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // initialize response struct
+    size_t resplen = sizeof(sP_FE2CL_NANO_SKILL_USE_SUCC) + results.size() * resultSize;
+    uint8_t respbuf[CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    memset(respbuf, 0, resplen);
+
+    sP_FE2CL_NANO_SKILL_USE_SUCC* pkt = (sP_FE2CL_NANO_SKILL_USE_SUCC*)respbuf;
+    pkt->iPC_ID = plr->iID;
+    pkt->iNanoID = nano.iID;
+    pkt->iSkillID = nano.iSkillID;
+    pkt->iNanoStamina = nano.iStamina;
+    pkt->bNanoDeactive = nano.iStamina <= 0;
+    pkt->eST = skill->skillType;
+    pkt->iTargetCnt = (int32_t)results.size();
+
+    attachSkillResults(results, resultSize, (uint8_t*)(pkt + 1));
+    sock->sendPacket(pkt, P_FE2CL_NANO_SKILL_USE_SUCC, resplen);
+    PlayerManager::sendToViewable(sock, pkt, P_FE2CL_NANO_SKILL_USE_SUCC, resplen);
+}
+
+void Abilities::useNPCSkill(EntityRef npc, int skillID, std::vector<ICombatant*> affected) {
+    if(SkillTable.count(skillID) == 0)
+        return;
+
+    Entity* entity = npc.getEntity();
+    ICombatant* src = nullptr;
+    if(npc.kind == EntityKind::COMBAT_NPC || npc.kind == EntityKind::MOB)
+        src = dynamic_cast<ICombatant*>(entity);
+    
+    SkillData* skill = &SkillTable[skillID];
+
+    std::vector<SkillResult> results = handleSkill(skill, 0, src, affected);
+    size_t resultSize = results.back().size; // guaranteed to be the same for every item
+
+    if (!validOutVarPacket(sizeof(sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT), results.size(), resultSize)) {
+        std::cout << "[WARN] bad sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT packet size\n";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // initialize response struct
+    size_t resplen = sizeof(sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT) + results.size() * resultSize;
+    uint8_t respbuf[CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    memset(respbuf, 0, resplen);
+
+    sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT* pkt = (sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT*)respbuf;
+    pkt->iNPC_ID = npc.id;
+    pkt->iSkillID = skillID;
+    pkt->eST = skill->skillType;
+    pkt->iTargetCnt = (int32_t)results.size();
+
+    attachSkillResults(results, resultSize, (uint8_t*)(pkt + 1));
+    NPCManager::sendToViewable(entity, pkt, P_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT, resplen);
 }
-*/
 
 std::vector<EntityRef> Abilities::matchTargets(SkillData* skill, int count, int32_t *ids) {
 
@@ -35,16 +278,65 @@ std::vector<EntityRef> Abilities::matchTargets(SkillData* skill, int count, int3
     return targets; 
 }
 
-void Abilities::applyAbility(SkillData* skill, EntityRef src, std::vector<EntityRef> targets) {
+/* ripped from client (enums emplaced) */
-    for (EntityRef target : targets) {
+int Abilities::getCSTBFromST(int eSkillType) {
-        Entity* entity = target.getEntity();
+    int result = 0;
-        if (entity->kind != PLAYER && entity->kind != COMBAT_NPC && entity->kind != MOB)
+    switch (eSkillType)
-            continue; // not a combatant
+    {
-
+    case EST_RUN:
-
+        result = ECSB_UP_MOVE_SPEED;
+        break;
+    case EST_JUMP:
+        result = ECSB_UP_JUMP_HEIGHT;
+        break;
+    case EST_STEALTH:
+        result = ECSB_UP_STEALTH;
+        break;
+    case EST_PHOENIX:
+        result = ECSB_PHOENIX;
+        break;
+    case EST_PROTECTBATTERY:
+        result = ECSB_PROTECT_BATTERY;
+        break;
+    case EST_PROTECTINFECTION:
+        result = ECSB_PROTECT_INFECTION;
+        break;
+    case EST_SNARE:
+        result = ECSB_DN_MOVE_SPEED;
+        break;
+    case EST_SLEEP:
+        result = ECSB_MEZ;
+        break;
+    case EST_MINIMAPENEMY:
+        result = ECSB_MINIMAP_ENEMY;
+        break;
+    case EST_MINIMAPTRESURE:
+        result = ECSB_MINIMAP_TRESURE;
+        break;
+    case EST_REWARDBLOB:
+        result = ECSB_REWARD_BLOB;
+        break;
+    case EST_REWARDCASH:
+        result = ECSB_REWARD_CASH;
+        break;
+    case EST_INFECTIONDAMAGE:
+        result = ECSB_INFECTION;
+        break;
+    case EST_FREEDOM:
+        result = ECSB_FREEDOM;
+        break;
+    case EST_BOUNDINGBALL:
+        result = ECSB_BOUNDINGBALL;
+        break;
+    case EST_INVULNERABLE:
+        result = ECSB_INVULNERABLE;
+        break;
+    case EST_BUFFHEAL:
+        result = ECSB_HEAL;
+        break;
+    case EST_NANOSTIMPAK:
+        result = ECSB_STIMPAKSLOT1;
+        break;
     }
-}
+    return result;
-
-void Abilities::init() {
-    //REGISTER_SHARD_PACKET(P_CL2FE_REQ_PC_EMAIL_UPDATE_CHECK, emailUpdateCheck);
 }

src/Abilities.hpp

@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "core/Core.hpp"
+
 #include "Entities.hpp"
+#include "Player.hpp"
 
 #include <map>
 #include <vector>
 
+constexpr size_t MAX_SKILLRESULT_SIZE = sizeof(sSkillResult_BatteryDrain);
+
 enum class SkillEffectTarget {
     POINT = 1,
     SELF = 2,
@@ -25,8 +30,20 @@ enum class SkillDrainType {
     PASSIVE = 2
 };
 
+struct SkillResult {
+    size_t size;
+    uint8_t payload[MAX_SKILLRESULT_SIZE];
+    SkillResult(size_t len, void* dat) {
+        size = len;
+        memcpy(payload, dat, len);
+    }
+    SkillResult() {
+        size = 0;
+    }
+};
+
 struct SkillData {
-    int skillType;
+    int skillType; // eST
     SkillEffectTarget effectTarget;
     int effectType; // always 1?
     SkillTargetType targetType;
@@ -43,8 +60,9 @@ struct SkillData {
 namespace Abilities {
     extern std::map<int32_t, SkillData> SkillTable;
 
-    std::vector<EntityRef> matchTargets(SkillData*, int, int32_t*);
+    void useNanoSkill(CNSocket*, sNano&, std::vector<ICombatant*>);
-    void applyAbility(SkillData*, EntityRef, std::vector<EntityRef>);
+    void useNPCSkill(EntityRef, int skillID, std::vector<ICombatant*>);
 
-    void init();
+    std::vector<EntityRef> matchTargets(SkillData*, int, int32_t*);
+    int getCSTBFromST(int eSkillType);
 }

src/Buffs.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+#include "Buffs.hpp"
+
+#include "PlayerManager.hpp"
+#include "NPCManager.hpp"
+
+using namespace Buffs;
+
+void Buff::tick(time_t currTime) {
+    auto it = stacks.begin();
+    while(it != stacks.end()) {
+        BuffStack& stack = *it;
+        //if(onTick) onTick(self, this, currTime);
+
+        if(stack.durationTicks == 0) {
+            BuffStack deadStack = stack;
+            it = stacks.erase(it);
+            if(onUpdate) onUpdate(self, this, ETBU_DEL, &deadStack);
+        } else {
+            if(stack.durationTicks > 0) stack.durationTicks--;
+            it++;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void Buff::combatTick(time_t currTime) {
+    if(onCombatTick) onCombatTick(self, this, currTime);
+}
+
+void Buff::clear() {
+    while(!stacks.empty()) {
+        BuffStack stack = stacks.back();
+        stacks.pop_back();
+        if(onUpdate) onUpdate(self, this, ETBU_DEL, &stack);
+    }
+}
+
+void Buff::clear(BuffClass buffClass) {
+    auto it = stacks.begin();
+    while(it != stacks.end()) {
+        BuffStack& stack = *it;
+        if(stack.buffStackClass == buffClass) {
+            BuffStack deadStack = stack;
+            it = stacks.erase(it);
+            if(onUpdate) onUpdate(self, this, ETBU_DEL, &deadStack);
+        } else it++;
+    }
+}
+
+void Buff::addStack(BuffStack* stack) {
+    stacks.push_back(*stack);
+    if(onUpdate) onUpdate(self, this, ETBU_ADD, &stacks.back());
+}
+
+bool Buff::hasClass(BuffClass buffClass) {
+    for(BuffStack& stack : stacks) {
+        if(stack.buffStackClass == buffClass)
+            return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+BuffClass Buff::maxClass() {
+    BuffClass buffClass = BuffClass::NONE;
+    for(BuffStack& stack : stacks) {
+        if(stack.buffStackClass > buffClass)
+            buffClass = stack.buffStackClass;
+    }
+    return buffClass;
+}
+
+int Buff::getValue(BuffValueSelector selector) {
+    if(isStale()) return 0;
+
+    int value = selector == BuffValueSelector::NET_TOTAL ? 0 : stacks.front().value;
+    for(BuffStack& stack : stacks) {
+        switch(selector)
+        {
+            case BuffValueSelector::NET_TOTAL:
+                value += stack.value;
+                break;
+            case BuffValueSelector::MIN_VALUE:
+                if(stack.value < value) value = stack.value;
+                break;
+            case BuffValueSelector::MAX_VALUE:
+                if(stack.value > value) value = stack.value;
+                break;
+            case BuffValueSelector::MIN_MAGNITUDE:
+                if(abs(stack.value) < abs(value)) value = stack.value;
+                break;
+            case BuffValueSelector::MAX_MAGNITUDE:
+            default:
+                if(abs(stack.value) > abs(value)) value = stack.value;
+        }
+    }
+    return value;
+}
+
+bool Buff::isStale() {
+    return stacks.empty();
+}
+
+/* This will practically never do anything important, but it's here just in case */
+void Buff::updateCallbacks(BuffCallback<int, BuffStack*> fOnUpdate, BuffCallback<time_t> fOnCombatTick) {
+    if(!onUpdate) onUpdate = fOnUpdate;
+    if(!onCombatTick) onCombatTick = fOnCombatTick;
+}
+
+#pragma region Handlers
+void Buffs::timeBuffUpdate(EntityRef self, Buff* buff, int status, BuffStack* stack) {
+
+    if(self.kind != EntityKind::PLAYER)
+        return; // not implemented
+    
+    Player* plr = (Player*)self.getEntity();
+    if(plr == nullptr)
+        return; // sanity check
+
+    if(status == ETBU_DEL && !buff->isStale())
+        return; // no premature effect deletion
+
+    int cbf = plr->getCompositeCondition();
+    sTimeBuff payload{};
+    if(status == ETBU_ADD) {
+        payload.iValue = buff->getValue(BuffValueSelector::MAX_MAGNITUDE);
+        // we need to explicitly add the ECSB for this buff,
+        // in case this is the first stack in and the entry
+        // in the buff map doesn't yet exist
+        if(buff->id > 0) cbf |= CSB_FROM_ECSB(buff->id);
+    }
+    
+    INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_PC_BUFF_UPDATE, pkt);
+    pkt.eCSTB = buff->id; // eCharStatusTimeBuffID
+    pkt.eTBU = status; // eTimeBuffUpdate
+    pkt.eTBT = (int)stack->buffStackClass;
+    pkt.iConditionBitFlag = cbf;
+    pkt.TimeBuff = payload;
+    self.sock->sendPacket((void*)&pkt, P_FE2CL_PC_BUFF_UPDATE, sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_BUFF_UPDATE));
+}
+
+void Buffs::timeBuffTimeout(EntityRef self) {
+    if(self.kind != EntityKind::PLAYER && self.kind != EntityKind::COMBAT_NPC && self.kind != EntityKind::MOB)
+        return; // not a combatant
+    Entity* entity = self.getEntity();
+    ICombatant* combatant = dynamic_cast<ICombatant*>(entity);
+    INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_OUT, pkt); // send a buff timeout to other players
+    pkt.eCT = combatant->getCharType();
+    pkt.iID = combatant->getID();
+    pkt.iConditionBitFlag = combatant->getCompositeCondition();
+    NPCManager::sendToViewable(entity, &pkt, P_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_OUT, sizeof(sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_OUT));
+}
+#pragma endregion

src/Buffs.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "core/Core.hpp"
+
+#include "EntityRef.hpp"
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <functional>
+
+/* forward declaration(s) */
+class Buff;
+template<class... Types>
+using BuffCallback = std::function<void(EntityRef, Buff*, Types...)>;
+
+#define CSB_FROM_ECSB(x) (1 << (x - 1))
+
+enum class BuffClass {
+    NONE = ETBT_NONE,
+	NANO = ETBT_NANO,
+	GROUP_NANO = ETBT_GROUPNANO,
+	EGG = ETBT_SHINY,
+	ENVIRONMENT = ETBT_LANDEFFECT,
+	ITEM = ETBT_ITEM,
+	CASH_ITEM = ETBT_CASHITEM
+};
+
+enum class BuffValueSelector {
+    MAX_VALUE,
+    MIN_VALUE,
+    MAX_MAGNITUDE,
+    MIN_MAGNITUDE,
+    NET_TOTAL
+};
+
+struct BuffStack {
+    int durationTicks;
+    int value;
+    EntityRef source;
+    BuffClass buffStackClass;
+};
+
+class Buff {
+private:
+    EntityRef self;
+    std::vector<BuffStack> stacks;
+
+public:
+    int id;
+    /* called just after a stack is added or removed */
+    BuffCallback<int, BuffStack*> onUpdate;
+    /* called when the buff is combat-ticked */
+    BuffCallback<time_t> onCombatTick;
+
+    void tick(time_t);
+    void combatTick(time_t);
+    void clear();
+    void clear(BuffClass buffClass);
+    void addStack(BuffStack* stack);
+
+    /*
+    * Sometimes we need to determine if a buff
+    * is covered by a certain class, ex: nano
+    * vs. coco egg in the case of infection protection
+    */
+    bool hasClass(BuffClass buffClass);
+    BuffClass maxClass();
+
+    int getValue(BuffValueSelector selector);
+
+    /* 
+     * In general, a Buff object won't exist
+     * unless it has stacks. However, when
+     * popping stacks during iteration (onExpire),
+     * stacks will be empty for a brief moment
+     * when the last stack is popped.
+     */
+    bool isStale();
+
+    void updateCallbacks(BuffCallback<int, BuffStack*> fOnUpdate, BuffCallback<time_t> fonTick);
+
+    Buff(int iid, EntityRef pSelf, BuffCallback<int, BuffStack*> fOnUpdate, BuffCallback<time_t> fOnCombatTick, BuffStack* firstStack)
+        : self(pSelf), id(iid), onUpdate(fOnUpdate), onCombatTick(fOnCombatTick) {
+        addStack(firstStack);
+    }
+};
+
+namespace Buffs {
+    void timeBuffUpdate(EntityRef self, Buff* buff, int status, BuffStack* stack);
+    void timeBuffTimeout(EntityRef self);
+}

src/Combat.cpp

@@ -8,21 +8,84 @@
 #include "NPCManager.hpp"
 #include "Nanos.hpp"
 #include "Abilities.hpp"
+#include "Buffs.hpp"
 
 #include <assert.h>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <functional>
 
 using namespace Combat;
 
 /// Player Id -> Bullet Id -> Bullet
 std::map<int32_t, std::map<int8_t, Bullet>> Combat::Bullets;
 
-int Player::takeDamage(EntityRef src, int amt) {
+#pragma region Player
-    HP -= amt;
+bool Player::addBuff(int buffId, BuffCallback<int, BuffStack*> onUpdate, BuffCallback<time_t> onTick, BuffStack* stack) {
-    return amt;
+    EntityRef self = PlayerManager::getSockFromID(iID);
+
+    if(!hasBuff(buffId)) {
+        buffs[buffId] = new Buff(buffId, self, onUpdate, onTick, stack);
+        return true;
     }
     
-void Player::heal(EntityRef src, int amt) {
+    buffs[buffId]->updateCallbacks(onUpdate, onTick);
-    // stubbed
+    buffs[buffId]->addStack(stack);
+    return false;
+}
+
+Buff* Player::getBuff(int buffId) {
+    if(hasBuff(buffId)) {
+        return buffs[buffId];
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+void Player::removeBuff(int buffId) {
+    if(hasBuff(buffId)) {
+        buffs[buffId]->clear();
+        delete buffs[buffId];
+        buffs.erase(buffId);
+    }
+}
+
+void Player::removeBuff(int buffId, int buffClass) {
+    if(hasBuff(buffId)) {
+        buffs[buffId]->clear((BuffClass)buffClass);
+        if(buffs[buffId]->isStale()) {
+            delete buffs[buffId];
+            buffs.erase(buffId);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool Player::hasBuff(int buffId) {
+    auto buff = buffs.find(buffId);
+    return buff != buffs.end() && !buff->second->isStale();
+}
+
+int Player::getCompositeCondition() {
+    int conditionBitFlag = 0;
+    for(auto buff : buffs) {
+        if(!buff.second->isStale() && buff.second->id > 0)
+            conditionBitFlag |= CSB_FROM_ECSB(buff.first);
+    }
+    return conditionBitFlag;
+}
+
+int Player::takeDamage(EntityRef src, int amt) {
+    int dmg = amt;
+    if(HP - dmg < 0) dmg = HP;
+    HP -= dmg;
+
+    return dmg;
+}
+
+int Player::heal(EntityRef src, int amt) {
+    int heal = amt;
+    if(HP + heal > getMaxHP()) heal = getMaxHP() - HP;
+    HP += heal;
+
+    return heal;
 }
 
 bool Player::isAlive() {
@@ -33,25 +96,107 @@ int Player::getCurrentHP() {
     return HP;
 }
 
+int Player::getMaxHP() {
+    return PC_MAXHEALTH(level);
+}
+
+int Player::getLevel() {
+    return level;
+}
+
+std::vector<EntityRef> Player::getGroupMembers() {
+    std::vector<EntityRef> members;
+    if(group != nullptr)
+        members = group->members;
+    else
+        members.push_back(PlayerManager::getSockFromID(iID));
+    return members;
+}
+
+int32_t Player::getCharType() {
+    return 1; // eCharType (eCT_PC)
+}
+
 int32_t Player::getID() {
     return iID;
 }
 
+EntityRef Player::getRef() {
+    return EntityRef(PlayerManager::getSockFromID(iID));
+}
+
 void Player::step(time_t currTime) {
-    // no-op
+    CNSocket* sock = getRef().sock;
+
+    // nanos
+    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+        if (activeNano != 0 && equippedNanos[i] == activeNano) { // tick active nano
+            sNano& nano = Nanos[activeNano];
+            int drainRate = 0;
+
+            if (Abilities::SkillTable.find(nano.iSkillID) != Abilities::SkillTable.end()) {
+                // nano has skill data
+                SkillData* skill = &Abilities::SkillTable[nano.iSkillID];
+                int boost = Nanos::getNanoBoost(this);
+                if (skill->drainType == SkillDrainType::PASSIVE)
+                    drainRate = skill->batteryUse[boost * 3];
+            }
+
+            nano.iStamina -= 1 + drainRate / 5;
+            if (nano.iStamina <= 0)
+                Nanos::summonNano(sock, -1, true); // unsummon nano silently
+
+        } else if (Nanos[equippedNanos[i]].iStamina < 150) { // tick resting nano
+            sNano& nano = Nanos[equippedNanos[i]];
+            if (nano.iStamina < 150)
+                nano.iStamina += 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // buffs
+    for(auto buffEntry : buffs) {
+        buffEntry.second->combatTick(currTime);
+    }
+}
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region CombatNPC
+bool CombatNPC::addBuff(int buffId, BuffCallback<int, BuffStack*> onUpdate, BuffCallback<time_t> onTick, BuffStack* stack) { /* stubbed */
+    return false;
+}
+
+Buff* CombatNPC::getBuff(int buffId) { /* stubbed */
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+void CombatNPC::removeBuff(int buffId) { /* stubbed */ }
+
+void CombatNPC::removeBuff(int buffId, int buffClass) { /* stubbed */ }
+
+bool CombatNPC::hasBuff(int buffId) { /* stubbed */
+    return false;
+}
+
+int CombatNPC::getCompositeCondition() { /* stubbed */
+    return 0;
 }
 
 int CombatNPC::takeDamage(EntityRef src, int amt) {
+    int dmg = amt;
+    if(hp - dmg < 0) dmg = hp;
+    hp -= dmg;
 
-    hp -= amt;
+    if(hp <= 0) transition(AIState::DEAD, src);
-    if (hp <= 0)
-        transition(AIState::DEAD, src);
 
-    return amt;
+    return dmg;
 }
 
-void CombatNPC::heal(EntityRef src, int amt) {
+int CombatNPC::heal(EntityRef src, int amt) {
-    // stubbed
+    int heal = amt;
+    if(hp + heal > getMaxHP()) heal = getMaxHP() - hp;
+    hp += heal;
+
+    return heal;
 }
 
 bool CombatNPC::isAlive() {
@@ -62,10 +207,37 @@ int CombatNPC::getCurrentHP() {
     return hp;
 }
 
+int CombatNPC::getMaxHP() {
+    return maxHealth;
+}
+
+int CombatNPC::getLevel() {
+    return level;
+}
+
+std::vector<EntityRef> CombatNPC::getGroupMembers() {
+    std::vector<EntityRef> members;
+    if(group != nullptr)
+        members = group->members;
+    else
+        members.push_back(id);
+    return members;
+}
+
+int32_t CombatNPC::getCharType() {
+    if(kind == EntityKind::MOB)
+        return 4; // eCharType (eCT_MOB)
+    return 2; // eCharType (eCT_NPC)
+}
+
 int32_t CombatNPC::getID() {
     return id;
 }
 
+EntityRef CombatNPC::getRef() {
+    return EntityRef(id);
+}
+
 void CombatNPC::step(time_t currTime) {
     
     if(stateHandlers.find(state) != stateHandlers.end())
@@ -91,6 +263,7 @@ void CombatNPC::transition(AIState newState, EntityRef src) {
             event.handler(src, this);
     */
 }
+#pragma endregion
 
 static std::pair<int,int> getDamage(int attackPower, int defensePower, bool shouldCrit,
                                          bool batteryBoost, int attackerStyle,
@@ -299,40 +472,27 @@ static void combatEnd(CNSocket *sock, CNPacketData *data) {
     plr->healCooldown = 4000;
 }
 
-static void dotDamageOnOff(CNSocket *sock, CNPacketData *data) {
+static void dealGooDamage(CNSocket *sock) {
-    sP_CL2FE_DOT_DAMAGE_ONOFF *pkt = (sP_CL2FE_DOT_DAMAGE_ONOFF*)data->buf;
     Player *plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(sock);
+    if(plr->iSpecialState & CN_SPECIAL_STATE_FLAG__INVULNERABLE)
+        return; // ignore completely
 
-    if ((plr->iConditionBitFlag & CSB_BIT_INFECTION) != (bool)pkt->iFlag)
-        plr->iConditionBitFlag ^= CSB_BIT_INFECTION;
-
-    INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_PC_BUFF_UPDATE, pkt1);
-
-    pkt1.eCSTB = ECSB_INFECTION; // eCharStatusTimeBuffID
-    pkt1.eTBU = 1; // eTimeBuffUpdate
-    pkt1.eTBT = 0; // eTimeBuffType 1 means nano
-    pkt1.iConditionBitFlag = plr->iConditionBitFlag;
-
-    sock->sendPacket((void*)&pkt1, P_FE2CL_PC_BUFF_UPDATE, sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_BUFF_UPDATE));
-}
-
-static void dealGooDamage(CNSocket *sock, int amount) {
     size_t resplen = sizeof(sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_TICK) + sizeof(sSkillResult_DotDamage);
     assert(resplen < CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE - 8);
     uint8_t respbuf[CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE];
-    Player *plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(sock);
-
     memset(respbuf, 0, resplen);
 
     sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_TICK *pkt = (sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_TICK*)respbuf;
     sSkillResult_DotDamage *dmg = (sSkillResult_DotDamage*)(respbuf + sizeof(sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_TICK));
 
-    if (plr->iConditionBitFlag & CSB_BIT_PROTECT_INFECTION) {
+    int amount = PC_MAXHEALTH(plr->level) * 3 / 20;
+    Buff* protectionBuff = plr->getBuff(ECSB_PROTECT_INFECTION);
+    if (protectionBuff != nullptr) {
         amount = -2; // -2 is the magic number for "Protected" to appear as the damage number
         dmg->bProtected = 1;
 
         // eggs allow protection without nanos
-        if (plr->activeNano != -1 && (plr->iSelfConditionBitFlag & CSB_BIT_PROTECT_INFECTION))
+        if (protectionBuff->maxClass() <= BuffClass::NANO && plr->activeNano != -1)
             plr->Nanos[plr->activeNano].iStamina -= 3;
     } else {
         plr->HP -= amount;
@@ -356,12 +516,39 @@ static void dealGooDamage(CNSocket *sock, int amount) {
     dmg->iID = plr->iID;
     dmg->iDamage = amount;
     dmg->iHP = plr->HP;
-    dmg->iConditionBitFlag = plr->iConditionBitFlag;
+    dmg->iConditionBitFlag = plr->getCompositeCondition();
 
     sock->sendPacket((void*)&respbuf, P_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_TICK, resplen);
     PlayerManager::sendToViewable(sock, (void*)&respbuf, P_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_TICK, resplen);
 }
 
+static void dotDamageOnOff(CNSocket *sock, CNPacketData *data) {
+    sP_CL2FE_DOT_DAMAGE_ONOFF *pkt = (sP_CL2FE_DOT_DAMAGE_ONOFF*)data->buf;
+    Player *plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(sock);
+
+    // infection debuff toggles as the client asks it to,
+    // so we add and remove a permanent debuff
+    if (pkt->iFlag && !plr->hasBuff(ECSB_INFECTION)) {
+        BuffStack infection = {
+            -1, // infinite
+            0, // no value
+            sock, // self-inflicted
+            BuffClass::ENVIRONMENT
+        };
+        plr->addBuff(ECSB_INFECTION,
+            [](EntityRef self, Buff* buff, int status, BuffStack* stack) {
+                Buffs::timeBuffUpdate(self, buff, status, stack);
+            },
+            [](EntityRef self, Buff* buff, time_t currTime) {
+                if(self.kind == EntityKind::PLAYER)
+                    dealGooDamage(self.sock);
+            },
+            &infection);
+    } else if(!pkt->iFlag && plr->hasBuff(ECSB_INFECTION)) {
+        plr->removeBuff(ECSB_INFECTION);
+    }
+}
+
 static void pcAttackChars(CNSocket *sock, CNPacketData *data) {
     sP_CL2FE_REQ_PC_ATTACK_CHARs* pkt = (sP_CL2FE_REQ_PC_ATTACK_CHARs*)data->buf;
     Player *plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(sock);
@@ -649,6 +836,7 @@ static void projectileHit(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
 
 static void playerTick(CNServer *serv, time_t currTime) {
     static time_t lastHealTime = 0;
+    static time_t lastCombatTIme = 0;
 
     for (auto& pair : PlayerManager::players) {
         CNSocket *sock = pair.first;
@@ -657,17 +845,12 @@ static void playerTick(CNServer *serv, time_t currTime) {
 
         // group ticks
         if (plr->group != nullptr)
-            Groups::groupTickInfo(plr);
+            Groups::groupTickInfo(sock);
 
         // do not tick dead players
         if (plr->HP <= 0)
             continue;
 
-        // fm patch/lake damage
-        if ((plr->iConditionBitFlag & CSB_BIT_INFECTION)
-            && !(plr->iSpecialState & CN_SPECIAL_STATE_FLAG__INVULNERABLE))
-            dealGooDamage(sock, PC_MAXHEALTH(plr->level) * 3 / 20);
-
         // heal
         if (currTime - lastHealTime >= 4000 && !plr->inCombat && plr->HP < PC_MAXHEALTH(plr->level)) {
             if (currTime - lastHealTime - plr->healCooldown >= 4000) {
@@ -679,44 +862,21 @@ static void playerTick(CNServer *serv, time_t currTime) {
                 plr->healCooldown -= 4000;
         }
 
+        // combat tick
+        if(currTime - lastCombatTIme >= 2000) {
+            plr->step(currTime);
+            transmit = true;
+        }
+
         // nanos
-        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+        if (plr->activeNano != 0) { // tick active nano
-            if (plr->activeNano != 0 && plr->equippedNanos[i] == plr->activeNano) { // tick active nano
+            sNano* nano = plr->getActiveNano();
-                sNano& nano = plr->Nanos[plr->activeNano];
+            if (Abilities::SkillTable.find(nano->iSkillID) != Abilities::SkillTable.end()) {
-                int drainRate = 0;
-
-                if (Abilities::SkillTable.find(nano.iSkillID) != Abilities::SkillTable.end()) {
                 // nano has skill data
-                    SkillData* skill = &Abilities::SkillTable[nano.iSkillID];
+                SkillData* skill = &Abilities::SkillTable[nano->iSkillID];
-                    int boost = Nanos::getNanoBoost(plr);
+                if (skill->drainType == SkillDrainType::PASSIVE)
-                    drainRate = skill->batteryUse[boost * 3];
+                    Nanos::applyNanoBuff(skill, plr);
-
+                // ^ composite condition calculation is separate from combat for responsiveness
-                    if (skill->drainType == SkillDrainType::PASSIVE) {
-                        // passive buff
-                        std::vector<EntityRef> targets;
-                        if (skill->targetType == SkillTargetType::GROUP && plr->group != nullptr)
-                            targets = plr->group->members; // group
-                        else if(skill->targetType == SkillTargetType::SELF)
-                            targets.push_back(sock); // self
-
-                        std::cout << "[SKILL] id " << nano.iSkillID << ", type " << skill->skillType << ", target " << (int)skill->targetType << std::endl;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                nano.iStamina -= 1 + drainRate / 5;
-
-                if (nano.iStamina <= 0)
-                    Nanos::summonNano(sock, -1, true); // unsummon nano silently
-
-                transmit = true;
-            } else if (plr->Nanos[plr->equippedNanos[i]].iStamina < 150) { // tick resting nano
-                sNano& nano = plr->Nanos[plr->equippedNanos[i]];
-                nano.iStamina += 1;
-
-                if (nano.iStamina > 150)
-                    nano.iStamina = 150;
-
-                transmit = true;
             }
         }
 
@@ -732,6 +892,19 @@ static void playerTick(CNServer *serv, time_t currTime) {
             PlayerManager::sendToViewable(sock, (void*)&dead, P_FE2CL_PC_SUDDEN_DEAD, sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_SUDDEN_DEAD));
         }
 
+        // process buffsets
+        auto it = plr->buffs.begin();
+        while(it != plr->buffs.end()) {
+            Buff* buff = (*it).second;
+            buff->tick(currTime);
+            if(buff->isStale()) {
+                // garbage collect
+                it = plr->buffs.erase(it);
+                delete buff;
+            }
+            else it++;
+        }
+
         if (transmit) {
             INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_REP_PC_TICK, pkt);
 
@@ -746,13 +919,15 @@ static void playerTick(CNServer *serv, time_t currTime) {
         }
     }
 
-    // if this was a heal tick, update the counter outside of the loop
+    // if this was a heal/combat tick, update the counters outside of the loop
     if (currTime - lastHealTime >= 4000)
         lastHealTime = currTime;
+    if(currTime - lastCombatTIme >= 2000)
+        lastCombatTIme = currTime;
 }
 
 void Combat::init() {
-    REGISTER_SHARD_TIMER(playerTick, 2000);
+    REGISTER_SHARD_TIMER(playerTick, MS_PER_PLAYER_TICK);
 
     REGISTER_SHARD_PACKET(P_CL2FE_REQ_PC_ATTACK_NPCs, pcAttackNpcs);
 

src/CustomCommands.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "Missions.hpp"
 #include "Eggs.hpp"
 #include "Items.hpp"
+#include "Abilities.hpp"
 
 #include <sstream>
 #include <limits.h>
@@ -501,9 +502,12 @@ static void buffCommand(std::string full, std::vector<std::string>& args, CNSock
     if (*tmp)
         return;
 
-    if (Eggs::eggBuffPlayer(sock, skillId, 0, duration)<0)
+    if (Abilities::SkillTable.count(skillId) == 0) {
         Chat::sendServerMessage(sock, "/buff: unknown skill Id");
+        return;
+    }
 
+    Eggs::eggBuffPlayer(sock, skillId, 0, duration);
 }
 
 static void eggCommand(std::string full, std::vector<std::string>& args, CNSocket* sock) {

src/Eggs.cpp

@@ -13,118 +13,52 @@
 
 using namespace Eggs;
 
-/// sock, CBFlag -> until
-std::map<std::pair<CNSocket*, int32_t>, time_t> Eggs::EggBuffs;
 std::unordered_map<int, EggType> Eggs::EggTypes;
 
-int Eggs::eggBuffPlayer(CNSocket* sock, int skillId, int eggId, int duration) {
+void Eggs::eggBuffPlayer(CNSocket* sock, int skillId, int eggId, int duration) {
     Player* plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(sock);
 
-    // TODO ABILITIES
+    // eggId might be 0 if the buff is made by the /buff command
-    //int bitFlag = plr->group->conditionBitFlag;
+    EntityRef src = eggId == 0 ? sock : EntityRef(eggId);
-    int CBFlag = 0;// Abilities::applyBuff(sock, skillId, 1, 3, bitFlag);
     
-    size_t resplen; 
+    if(Abilities::SkillTable.count(skillId) == 0) {
-
+        std::cout << "[WARN] egg " << eggId << " has skill ID " << skillId << " which doesn't exist" << std::endl;
-    if (skillId == 183) {
+        return;
-        resplen = sizeof(sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT) + sizeof(sSkillResult_Damage);
-    } else if (skillId == 150) {
-        resplen = sizeof(sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT) + sizeof(sSkillResult_Heal_HP);
-    } else {
-        resplen = sizeof(sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT) + sizeof(sSkillResult_Buff);
-    }
-    assert(resplen < CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE - 8);
-    // we know it's only one trailing struct, so we can skip full validation
-
-    uint8_t respbuf[CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE];
-    auto skillUse = (sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT*)respbuf;
-
-    if (skillId == 183) { // damage egg
-        auto skill = (sSkillResult_Damage*)(respbuf + sizeof(sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT));
-        memset(respbuf, 0, resplen);
-        skill->eCT = 1;
-        skill->iID = plr->iID;
-        skill->iDamage = PC_MAXHEALTH(plr->level) * Abilities::SkillTable[skillId].values[0][0] / 1000;
-        plr->HP -= skill->iDamage;
-        if (plr->HP < 0)
-            plr->HP = 0;
-        skill->iHP = plr->HP;
-    } else if (skillId == 150) { // heal egg
-        auto skill = (sSkillResult_Heal_HP*)(respbuf + sizeof(sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT));
-        memset(respbuf, 0, resplen);
-        skill->eCT = 1;
-        skill->iID = plr->iID;
-        skill->iHealHP = PC_MAXHEALTH(plr->level) * Abilities::SkillTable[skillId].values[0][0] / 1000;
-        plr->HP += skill->iHealHP;
-        if (plr->HP > PC_MAXHEALTH(plr->level))
-            plr->HP = PC_MAXHEALTH(plr->level);
-        skill->iHP = plr->HP;
-    } else { // regular buff egg
-        auto skill = (sSkillResult_Buff*)(respbuf + sizeof(sP_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT));
-        memset(respbuf, 0, resplen);
-        skill->eCT = 1;
-        skill->iID = plr->iID;
-        skill->iConditionBitFlag = plr->iConditionBitFlag;
     }
 
-    skillUse->iNPC_ID = eggId;
+    SkillData* skill = &Abilities::SkillTable[skillId];
-    skillUse->iSkillID = skillId;
+    if(skill->drainType == SkillDrainType::PASSIVE) {
-    skillUse->eST = Abilities::SkillTable[skillId].skillType;
+        // apply buff
-    skillUse->iTargetCnt = 1;
+        if(skill->targetType != SkillTargetType::SELF) {
+            std::cout << "[WARN] weird skill type for egg " << eggId << " with skill " << skillId << ", should be " << (int)skill->targetType << std::endl;
+        }
 
-    sock->sendPacket((void*)&respbuf, P_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT, resplen);
+        int timeBuffId = Abilities::getCSTBFromST(skill->skillType);
-    PlayerManager::sendToViewable(sock, (void*)&respbuf, P_FE2CL_NPC_SKILL_HIT, resplen);
+        int value = skill->values[0][0];
+        BuffStack eggBuff = {
+            duration * 1000 / MS_PER_PLAYER_TICK,
+            value,
+            src,
+            BuffClass::EGG
+        };
+        plr->addBuff(timeBuffId,
+            [](EntityRef self, Buff* buff, int status, BuffStack* stack) {
+                Buffs::timeBuffUpdate(self, buff, status, stack);
+                if(status == ETBU_DEL) Buffs::timeBuffTimeout(self);
+            },
+            [](EntityRef self, Buff* buff, time_t currTime) {
+                // no-op
+            },
+            &eggBuff);
+    }
 
-    if (CBFlag == 0)
+    // use skill
-        return -1;
+    std::vector<ICombatant*> targets;
-
+    targets.push_back(dynamic_cast<ICombatant*>(plr));
-    std::pair<CNSocket*, int32_t> key = std::make_pair(sock, CBFlag);
+    Abilities::useNPCSkill(src, skillId, targets);
-
-    // save the buff serverside;
-    // if you get the same buff again, new duration will override the previous one
-    time_t until = getTime() + (time_t)duration * 1000;
-    EggBuffs[key] = until;
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void eggStep(CNServer* serv, time_t currTime) {
-    // tick buffs
-    time_t timeStamp = currTime;
-    auto it = EggBuffs.begin();
-    while (it != EggBuffs.end()) {
-        // check remaining time
-        if (it->second > timeStamp) {
-            it++;
-        } else { // if time reached 0
-            CNSocket* sock = it->first.first;
-            int32_t CBFlag = it->first.second;
-            Player* plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(sock);
-
-            //int groupFlags = plr->group->conditionBitFlag;
-            // TODO ABILITIES
-            //for (auto& pwr : Abilities::Powers) {
-            //    if (pwr.bitFlag == CBFlag) { // pick the power with the right flag and unbuff
-            //        INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_PC_BUFF_UPDATE, resp);
-            //        resp.eCSTB = pwr.timeBuffID;
-            //        resp.eTBU = 2;
-            //        resp.eTBT = 3; // for egg buffs
-            //        plr->iConditionBitFlag &= ~CBFlag;
-            //        resp.iConditionBitFlag = plr->iConditionBitFlag |= groupFlags | plr->iSelfConditionBitFlag;
-            //        sock->sendPacket(resp, P_FE2CL_PC_BUFF_UPDATE);
-
-            //        INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_OUT, resp2); // send a buff timeout to other players
-            //        resp2.eCT = 1;
-            //        resp2.iID = plr->iID;
-            //        resp2.iConditionBitFlag = plr->iConditionBitFlag;
-            //        PlayerManager::sendToViewable(sock, resp2, P_FE2CL_CHAR_TIME_BUFF_TIME_OUT);
-            //    }
-            //}
-            // remove buff from the map
-            it = EggBuffs.erase(it);
-        }
-    }
-
     // check dead eggs and eggs in inactive chunks
     for (auto npc : NPCManager::NPCs) {
         if (npc.second->kind != EntityKind::EGG)
@@ -134,7 +68,7 @@ static void eggStep(CNServer* serv, time_t currTime) {
         if (!egg->dead || !Chunking::inPopulatedChunks(&egg->viewableChunks))
             continue;
 
-        if (egg->deadUntil <= timeStamp) {
+        if (egg->deadUntil <= currTime) {
             // respawn it
             egg->dead = false;
             egg->deadUntil = 0;
@@ -191,16 +125,13 @@ static void eggPickup(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
 
     EggType* type = &EggTypes[typeId];
 
-    // buff the player
-    if (type->effectId != 0)
-        eggBuffPlayer(sock, type->effectId, eggRef.id, type->duration);
-
     /*
      * SHINY_PICKUP_SUCC is only causing a GUI effect in the client
      * (buff icon pops up in the bottom of the screen)
      * so we don't send it for non-effect
      */
     if (type->effectId != 0) {
+        eggBuffPlayer(sock, type->effectId, eggRef.id, type->duration);
         INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_REP_SHINY_PICKUP_SUCC, resp);
         resp.iSkillID = type->effectId;
 

src/Eggs.hpp

@@ -10,12 +10,10 @@ struct EggType {
 };
 
 namespace Eggs {
-    extern std::map<std::pair<CNSocket*, int32_t>, time_t> EggBuffs;
     extern std::unordered_map<int, EggType> EggTypes;
 
     void init();
 
-    /// returns -1 on fail
+    void eggBuffPlayer(CNSocket* sock, int skillId, int eggId, int duration);
-    int eggBuffPlayer(CNSocket* sock, int skillId, int eggId, int duration);
     void npcDataToEggData(int x, int y, int z, sNPCAppearanceData* npc, sShinyAppearanceData* egg);
 }

src/Entities.cpp

@@ -83,6 +83,10 @@ void Egg::enterIntoViewOf(CNSocket *sock) {
     sock->sendPacket(pkt, P_FE2CL_SHINY_ENTER);
 }
 
+sNano* Player::getActiveNano() {
+    return &Nanos[activeNano];
+}
+
 sPCAppearanceData Player::getAppearanceData() {
     sPCAppearanceData data = {};
     data.iID = iID;

src/Entities.hpp

@@ -3,18 +3,16 @@
 #include "core/Core.hpp"
 #include "Chunking.hpp"
 
+#include "EntityRef.hpp"
+#include "Buffs.hpp"
+
 #include <set>
 #include <map>
+#include <functional>
 
-enum EntityKind {
+/* forward declaration(s) */
-    INVALID,
+class Chunk;
-    PLAYER,
+struct Group;
-    SIMPLE_NPC,
-    COMBAT_NPC,
-    MOB,
-    EGG,
-    BUS
-};
 
 enum class AIState {
     INACTIVE,
@@ -24,9 +22,6 @@ enum class AIState {
     DEAD
 };
 
-class Chunk;
-struct Group;
-
 struct Entity {
     EntityKind kind = EntityKind::INVALID;
     int x = 0, y = 0, z = 0;
@@ -44,42 +39,6 @@ struct Entity {
     virtual void disappearFromViewOf(CNSocket *sock) = 0;
 };
 
-struct EntityRef {
-    EntityKind kind;
-    union {
-        CNSocket *sock;
-        int32_t id;
-    };
-
-    EntityRef(CNSocket *s);
-    EntityRef(int32_t i);
-
-    bool isValid() const;
-    Entity *getEntity() const;
-
-    bool operator==(const EntityRef& other) const {
-        if (kind != other.kind)
-            return false;
-
-        if (kind == EntityKind::PLAYER)
-            return sock == other.sock;
-
-        return id == other.id;
-    }
-
-    // arbitrary ordering
-    bool operator<(const EntityRef& other) const {
-        if (kind == other.kind) {
-            if (kind == EntityKind::PLAYER)
-                return sock < other.sock;
-            else
-                return id < other.id;
-        }
-
-        return kind < other.kind;
-    }
-};
-
 /*
  * Interfaces
  */
@@ -88,11 +47,22 @@ public:
     ICombatant() {}
     virtual ~ICombatant() {}
 
+    virtual bool addBuff(int, BuffCallback<int, BuffStack*>, BuffCallback<time_t>, BuffStack*) = 0;
+    virtual Buff* getBuff(int) = 0;
+    virtual void removeBuff(int) = 0;
+    virtual void removeBuff(int, int) = 0;
+    virtual bool hasBuff(int) = 0;
+    virtual int getCompositeCondition() = 0;
     virtual int takeDamage(EntityRef, int) = 0;
-    virtual void heal(EntityRef, int) = 0;
+    virtual int heal(EntityRef, int) = 0;
     virtual bool isAlive() = 0;
     virtual int getCurrentHP() = 0;
+    virtual int getMaxHP() = 0;
+    virtual int getLevel() = 0;
+    virtual std::vector<EntityRef> getGroupMembers() = 0;
+    virtual int32_t getCharType() = 0;
     virtual int32_t getID() = 0;
+    virtual EntityRef getRef() = 0;
     virtual void step(time_t currTime) = 0;
 };
 
@@ -109,6 +79,7 @@ public:
     bool loopingPath = false;
 
     BaseNPC(int _A, uint64_t iID, int t, int _id) {
+        kind = EntityKind::SIMPLE_NPC;
         type = t;
         hp = 400;
         angle = _A;
@@ -143,17 +114,30 @@ struct CombatNPC : public BaseNPC, public ICombatant {
         spawnY = y;
         spawnZ = z;
 
+        kind = EntityKind::COMBAT_NPC;
+
         stateHandlers[AIState::INACTIVE] = {};
         transitionHandlers[AIState::INACTIVE] = {};
     }
 
     virtual bool isExtant() override { return hp > 0; }
 
+    virtual bool addBuff(int buffId, BuffCallback<int, BuffStack*> onUpdate, BuffCallback<time_t> onTick, BuffStack* stack) override;
+    virtual Buff* getBuff(int buffId) override;
+    virtual void removeBuff(int buffId) override;
+    virtual void removeBuff(int buffId, int buffClass) override;
+    virtual bool hasBuff(int buffId) override;
+    virtual int getCompositeCondition() override;
     virtual int takeDamage(EntityRef src, int amt) override;
-    virtual void heal(EntityRef src, int amt) override;
+    virtual int heal(EntityRef src, int amt) override;
     virtual bool isAlive() override;
     virtual int getCurrentHP() override;
+    virtual int getMaxHP() override;
+    virtual int getLevel() override;
+    virtual std::vector<EntityRef> getGroupMembers() override;
+    virtual int32_t getCharType() override;
     virtual int32_t getID() override;
+    virtual EntityRef getRef() override;
     virtual void step(time_t currTime) override;
 
     virtual void transition(AIState newState, EntityRef src);

src/EntityRef.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "core/Core.hpp"
+
+/* forward declaration(s) */
+struct Entity;
+
+enum EntityKind {
+    INVALID,
+    PLAYER,
+    SIMPLE_NPC,
+    COMBAT_NPC,
+    MOB,
+    EGG,
+    BUS
+};
+
+struct EntityRef {
+    EntityKind kind;
+    union {
+        CNSocket *sock;
+        int32_t id;
+    };
+
+    EntityRef(CNSocket *s);
+    EntityRef(int32_t i);
+
+    bool isValid() const;
+    Entity *getEntity() const;
+
+    bool operator==(const EntityRef& other) const {
+        if (kind != other.kind)
+            return false;
+
+        if (kind == EntityKind::PLAYER)
+            return sock == other.sock;
+
+        return id == other.id;
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const EntityRef& other) const {
+        return !(*this == other);
+    }
+
+    // arbitrary ordering
+    bool operator<(const EntityRef& other) const {
+        if (kind == other.kind) {
+            if (kind == EntityKind::PLAYER)
+                return sock < other.sock;
+            else
+                return id < other.id;
+        }
+
+        return kind < other.kind;
+    }
+};

src/Groups.cpp

@@ -15,7 +15,54 @@
 
 using namespace Groups;
 
-void Groups::addToGroup(EntityRef member, Group* group) {
+Group::Group(EntityRef leader) {
+    addToGroup(this, leader);
+}
+
+static void attachGroupData(std::vector<EntityRef>& pcs, std::vector<EntityRef>& npcs, uint8_t* pivot) {
+    for(EntityRef pcRef : pcs) {
+        sPCGroupMemberInfo* info = (sPCGroupMemberInfo*)pivot;
+
+        Player* plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(pcRef.sock);
+        info->iPC_ID = plr->iID;
+        info->iPCUID = plr->PCStyle.iPC_UID;
+        info->iNameCheck = plr->PCStyle.iNameCheck;
+        memcpy(info->szFirstName, plr->PCStyle.szFirstName, sizeof(plr->PCStyle.szFirstName));
+        memcpy(info->szLastName, plr->PCStyle.szLastName, sizeof(plr->PCStyle.szLastName));
+        info->iSpecialState = plr->iSpecialState;
+        info->iLv = plr->level;
+        info->iHP = plr->HP;
+        info->iMaxHP = PC_MAXHEALTH(plr->level);
+        // info->iMapType = 0;
+        // info->iMapNum = 0;
+        info->iX = plr->x;
+        info->iY = plr->y;
+        info->iZ = plr->z;
+        if(plr->activeNano > 0) {
+            info->Nano = *plr->getActiveNano();
+            info->bNano = true;
+        }
+
+        pivot = (uint8_t*)(info + 1);
+    }
+    for(EntityRef npcRef : npcs) {
+        sNPCGroupMemberInfo* info = (sNPCGroupMemberInfo*)pivot;
+
+        // probably should not assume that the combatant is an
+        // entity, but it works for now
+        BaseNPC* npc = (BaseNPC*)npcRef.getEntity();
+        info->iNPC_ID = npcRef.id;
+        info->iNPC_Type = npc->type;
+        info->iHP = npc->hp;
+        info->iX = npc->x;
+        info->iY = npc->y;
+        info->iZ = npc->z;
+
+        pivot = (uint8_t*)(info + 1);
+    }
+}
+
+void Groups::addToGroup(Group* group, EntityRef member) {
     if (member.kind == EntityKind::PLAYER) {
         Player* plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(member.sock);
         plr->group = group;
@@ -29,37 +76,102 @@ void Groups::addToGroup(EntityRef member, Group* group) {
     }
 
     group->members.push_back(member);
+
+    if(member.kind == EntityKind::PLAYER) {
+        std::vector<EntityRef> pcs = group->filter(EntityKind::PLAYER);
+        std::vector<EntityRef> npcs = group->filter(EntityKind::COMBAT_NPC);
+        size_t pcCount = pcs.size();
+        size_t npcCount = npcs.size();
+
+        uint8_t respbuf[CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE];
+        memset(respbuf, 0, CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE);
+        sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_JOIN* pkt = (sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_JOIN*)respbuf;
+
+        pkt->iID_NewMember = PlayerManager::getPlayer(member.sock)->iID;
+        pkt->iMemberPCCnt = (int32_t)pcCount;
+        pkt->iMemberNPCCnt = (int32_t)npcCount;
+
+        if(!validOutVarPacket(sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_JOIN), pcCount, sizeof(sPCGroupMemberInfo))
+            || !validOutVarPacket(sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_JOIN) + pcCount * sizeof(sPCGroupMemberInfo), npcCount, sizeof(sNPCGroupMemberInfo))) {
+            std::cout << "[WARN] bad sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_JOIN packet size" << std::endl;
+        } else {
+            uint8_t* pivot = (uint8_t*)(pkt + 1);
+            attachGroupData(pcs, npcs, pivot);
+            // PC_GROUP_JOIN_SUCC and PC_GROUP_JOIN carry identical payloads but have different IDs
+            // (and the client does care!) so we need to send one to the new member
+            // and the other to the rest
+            size_t resplen = sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_JOIN) + pcCount * sizeof(sPCGroupMemberInfo) + npcCount * sizeof(sNPCGroupMemberInfo);
+            member.sock->sendPacket(respbuf, P_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_JOIN_SUCC, resplen);
+            sendToGroup(group, member, respbuf, P_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_JOIN, resplen);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
-void Groups::removeFromGroup(EntityRef member, Group* group) {
+bool Groups::removeFromGroup(Group* group, EntityRef member) {
     if (member.kind == EntityKind::PLAYER) {
         Player* plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(member.sock);
         plr->group = nullptr; // no dangling pointers here muahaahahah
+
+        INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_LEAVE_SUCC, leavePkt);
+        member.sock->sendPacket(leavePkt, P_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_LEAVE_SUCC);
     }
     else if (member.kind == EntityKind::COMBAT_NPC) {
         CombatNPC* npc = (CombatNPC*)member.getEntity();
         npc->group = nullptr;
     }
     else {
-        std::cout << "[WARN] Adding a weird entity type to a group" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "[WARN] Removing a weird entity type from a group" << std::endl;
     }
 
     auto it = std::find(group->members.begin(), group->members.end(), member);
     if (it == group->members.end()) {
         std::cout << "[WARN] Tried to remove a member that isn't in the group" << std::endl;
-        return;
+    } else {
+        group->members.erase(it);
     }
 
-    group->members.erase(it);
+    if(member.kind == EntityKind::PLAYER) {
+        std::vector<EntityRef> pcs = group->filter(EntityKind::PLAYER);
+        std::vector<EntityRef> npcs = group->filter(EntityKind::COMBAT_NPC);
+        size_t pcCount = pcs.size();
+        size_t npcCount = npcs.size();
 
-    if (group->members.empty()) delete group; // cleanup memory
+        uint8_t respbuf[CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE];
+        memset(respbuf, 0, CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE);
+        sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_LEAVE* pkt = (sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_LEAVE*)respbuf;
+
+        pkt->iID_LeaveMember = PlayerManager::getPlayer(member.sock)->iID;
+        pkt->iMemberPCCnt = (int32_t)pcCount;
+        pkt->iMemberNPCCnt = (int32_t)npcCount;
+
+        if(!validOutVarPacket(sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_LEAVE), pcCount, sizeof(sPCGroupMemberInfo))
+            || !validOutVarPacket(sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_LEAVE) + pcCount * sizeof(sPCGroupMemberInfo), npcCount, sizeof(sNPCGroupMemberInfo))) {
+            std::cout << "[WARN] bad sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_LEAVE packet size" << std::endl;
+        } else {
+            uint8_t* pivot = (uint8_t*)(pkt + 1);
+            attachGroupData(pcs, npcs, pivot);
+            sendToGroup(group, respbuf, P_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_LEAVE,
+                sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_LEAVE) + pcCount * sizeof(sPCGroupMemberInfo) + npcCount * sizeof(sNPCGroupMemberInfo));
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (group->members.size() == 1) {
+        return removeFromGroup(group, group->members.back());
+    }
+
+    if (group->members.empty()) {
+        delete group; // cleanup memory
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
 }
 
 void Groups::disbandGroup(Group* group) {
     // remove everyone from the group!!
-    std::vector<EntityRef> members = group->members;
+    bool done = false;
-    for (EntityRef member : members) {
+    while(!done) {
-        removeFromGroup(member, group);
+        EntityRef back = group->members.back();
+        done = removeFromGroup(group, back);
     }
 }
 
@@ -114,7 +226,7 @@ static void joinGroup(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
     Player* otherPlr = PlayerManager::getPlayerFromID(recv->iID_From);
 
     if (otherPlr == nullptr)
-        return;
+        return; // disconnect or something
 
     int size = otherPlr->group == nullptr ? 1 : otherPlr->group->filter(EntityKind::PLAYER).size();
 
@@ -125,220 +237,69 @@ static void joinGroup(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!validOutVarPacket(sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_JOIN), size + 1, sizeof(sPCGroupMemberInfo))) {
-        std::cout << "[WARN] bad sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_JOIN packet size\n";
-        return;
-    }
-
     if (otherPlr->group == nullptr) {
         // create group
-        otherPlr->group = new Group(); // spooky
+        EntityRef otherPlrRef = PlayerManager::getSockFromID(recv->iID_From);
-        addToGroup(PlayerManager::getSockFromID(recv->iID_From), otherPlr->group);
+        otherPlr->group = new Group(otherPlrRef);
     }
-    addToGroup(sock, otherPlr->group);
+    addToGroup(otherPlr->group, sock);
-    auto players = otherPlr->group->filter(EntityKind::PLAYER);
-
-    size_t resplen = sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_JOIN) + players.size() * sizeof(sPCGroupMemberInfo);
-    uint8_t respbuf[CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE];
-
-    memset(respbuf, 0, resplen);
-
-    sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_JOIN *resp = (sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_JOIN*)respbuf;
-    sPCGroupMemberInfo *respdata = (sPCGroupMemberInfo*)(respbuf+sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_JOIN));
-
-    resp->iID_NewMember = plr->iID;
-    resp->iMemberPCCnt = players.size();
-
-    //int bitFlag = otherPlr->group->conditionBitFlag;
-    for (int i = 0; i < players.size(); i++) {
-
-        Player* varPlr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(players[i].sock);
-        CNSocket* sockTo = players[i].sock;
-
-        if (varPlr == nullptr || sockTo == nullptr)
-            continue;
-
-        respdata[i].iPC_ID = varPlr->iID;
-        respdata[i].iPCUID = varPlr->PCStyle.iPC_UID;
-        respdata[i].iNameCheck = varPlr->PCStyle.iNameCheck;
-        memcpy(respdata[i].szFirstName, varPlr->PCStyle.szFirstName, sizeof(varPlr->PCStyle.szFirstName));
-        memcpy(respdata[i].szLastName, varPlr->PCStyle.szLastName, sizeof(varPlr->PCStyle.szLastName));
-        respdata[i].iSpecialState = varPlr->iSpecialState;
-        respdata[i].iLv = varPlr->level;
-        respdata[i].iHP = varPlr->HP;
-        respdata[i].iMaxHP = PC_MAXHEALTH(varPlr->level);
-        //respdata[i].iMapType = 0;
-        //respdata[i].iMapNum = 0;
-        respdata[i].iX = varPlr->x;
-        respdata[i].iY = varPlr->y;
-        respdata[i].iZ = varPlr->z;
-        // client doesnt read nano data here
-
-        if (varPlr != plr) { // apply the new member's buffs to the group and the group's buffs to the new member
-            // TODO ABILITIES
-            /*if (Abilities::SkillTable[varPlr->Nanos[varPlr->activeNano].iSkillID].targetType == 3)
-                Abilities::applyBuff(sock, varPlr->Nanos[varPlr->activeNano].iSkillID, 1, 1, bitFlag);
-            if (Abilities::SkillTable[plr->Nanos[plr->activeNano].iSkillID].targetType == 3)
-                Abilities::applyBuff(sockTo, plr->Nanos[plr->activeNano].iSkillID, 1, 1, bitFlag);*/
-        }
-    }
-
-    Groups::sendToGroup(otherPlr->group, (void*)&respbuf, P_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_JOIN, resplen);
 }
 
 static void leaveGroup(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
     Player* plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(sock);
-    groupKick(plr);
+    groupKick(plr->group, sock);
 }
 
 void Groups::sendToGroup(Group* group, void* buf, uint32_t type, size_t size) {
     auto players = group->filter(EntityKind::PLAYER);
-    for (int i = 0; i < players.size(); i++) {
+    for (EntityRef ref : players) {
-        CNSocket* sock = players[i].sock;
+        ref.sock->sendPacket(buf, type, size);
-        sock->sendPacket(buf, type, size);
     }
 }
 
-void Groups::groupTickInfo(Player* plr) {
+void Groups::sendToGroup(Group* group, EntityRef excluded, void* buf, uint32_t type, size_t size) {
-
+    auto players = group->filter(EntityKind::PLAYER);
-    auto players = plr->group->filter(EntityKind::PLAYER);
+    for (EntityRef ref : players) {
-
+        if(ref != excluded) ref.sock->sendPacket(buf, type, size);
-    if (!validOutVarPacket(sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO), players.size(), sizeof(sPCGroupMemberInfo))) {
+    }
-        std::cout << "[WARN] bad sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_JOIN packet size\n";
-        return;
 }
 
-    size_t resplen = sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO) + players.size() * sizeof(sPCGroupMemberInfo);
+void Groups::groupTickInfo(CNSocket* sock) {
+    Player* plr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(sock);
+    Group* group = plr->group;
+    std::vector<EntityRef> pcs = group->filter(EntityKind::PLAYER);
+    std::vector<EntityRef> npcs = group->filter(EntityKind::COMBAT_NPC);
+    size_t pcCount = pcs.size();
+    size_t npcCount = npcs.size();
+
     uint8_t respbuf[CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    memset(respbuf, 0, CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE);
+    sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO* pkt = (sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO*)respbuf;
 
-    memset(respbuf, 0, resplen);
+    pkt->iID = plr->iID;
+    pkt->iMemberPCCnt = (int32_t)pcCount;
+    pkt->iMemberNPCCnt = (int32_t)npcCount;
 
-    sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO *resp = (sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO*)respbuf;
+    if(!validOutVarPacket(sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO), pcCount, sizeof(sPCGroupMemberInfo))
-    sPCGroupMemberInfo *respdata = (sPCGroupMemberInfo*)(respbuf+sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO));
+        || !validOutVarPacket(sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO) + pcCount * sizeof(sPCGroupMemberInfo), npcCount, sizeof(sNPCGroupMemberInfo))) {
-
+        std::cout << "[WARN] bad sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO packet size" << std::endl;
-    resp->iID = plr->iID;
+    } else {
-    resp->iMemberPCCnt = players.size();
+        uint8_t* pivot = (uint8_t*)(pkt + 1);
-
+        attachGroupData(pcs, npcs, pivot);
-    for (int i = 0; i < players.size(); i++) {
+        sock->sendPacket(respbuf, P_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO,
-        EntityRef member = players[i];
+            sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO) + pcCount * sizeof(sPCGroupMemberInfo) + npcCount * sizeof(sNPCGroupMemberInfo));
-        Player* varPlr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(member.sock);
-
-        if (varPlr == nullptr)
-            continue;
-
-        respdata[i].iPC_ID = varPlr->iID;
-        respdata[i].iPCUID = varPlr->PCStyle.iPC_UID;
-        respdata[i].iNameCheck = varPlr->PCStyle.iNameCheck;
-        memcpy(respdata[i].szFirstName, varPlr->PCStyle.szFirstName, sizeof(varPlr->PCStyle.szFirstName));
-        memcpy(respdata[i].szLastName, varPlr->PCStyle.szLastName, sizeof(varPlr->PCStyle.szLastName));
-        respdata[i].iSpecialState = varPlr->iSpecialState;
-        respdata[i].iLv = varPlr->level;
-        respdata[i].iHP = varPlr->HP;
-        respdata[i].iMaxHP = PC_MAXHEALTH(varPlr->level);
-        //respdata[i].iMapType = 0;
-        //respdata[i].iMapNum = 0;
-        respdata[i].iX = varPlr->x;
-        respdata[i].iY = varPlr->y;
-        respdata[i].iZ = varPlr->z;
-        if (varPlr->activeNano > 0) {
-            respdata[i].bNano = 1;
-            respdata[i].Nano = varPlr->Nanos[varPlr->activeNano];
     }
 }
 
-    sendToGroup(plr->group, (void*)&respbuf, P_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO, resplen);
+void Groups::groupKick(Group* group, EntityRef ref) {
-}
-
-static void groupUnbuff(Player* plr) {
-    Group* group = plr->group;
-    for (int i = 0; i < group->members.size(); i++) {
-        for (int n = 0; n < group->members.size(); n++) {
-            if (i == n)
-                continue;
-
-            EntityRef other = group->members[n];
-
-            // TODO ABILITIES
-            //Abilities::applyBuff(sock, otherPlr->Nanos[otherPlr->activeNano].iSkillID, 2, 1, 0);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void Groups::groupKick(Player* plr) {
-    Group* group = plr->group;
 
     // if you are the group leader, destroy your own group and kick everybody
-    if (plr->group->members[0] == PlayerManager::getSockFromID(plr->iID)) {
+    if (group->members[0] == ref) {
-        groupUnbuff(plr);
+        disbandGroup(group);
-        INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_LEAVE_SUCC, resp1);
-        sendToGroup(plr->group, (void*)&resp1, P_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_LEAVE_SUCC, sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_LEAVE_SUCC));
-        disbandGroup(plr->group);
         return;
     }
 
-    auto players = group->filter(EntityKind::PLAYER);
+    removeFromGroup(group, ref);
-
-    if (!validOutVarPacket(sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_LEAVE), players.size() - 1, sizeof(sPCGroupMemberInfo))) {
-        std::cout << "[WARN] bad sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_LEAVE packet size\n";
-        return;
-    }
-
-    size_t resplen = sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_LEAVE) + (players.size() - 1) * sizeof(sPCGroupMemberInfo);
-    uint8_t respbuf[CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE];
-
-    memset(respbuf, 0, resplen);
-
-    sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_LEAVE *resp = (sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_LEAVE*)respbuf;
-    sPCGroupMemberInfo *respdata = (sPCGroupMemberInfo*)(respbuf+sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_LEAVE));
-
-    resp->iID_LeaveMember = plr->iID;
-    resp->iMemberPCCnt = players.size() - 1;
-
-    int bitFlag = 0; // TODO ABILITIES getGroupFlags(otherPlr) & ~plr->iGroupConditionBitFlag;
-
-    CNSocket* sock = PlayerManager::getSockFromID(plr->iID);
-
-    if (sock == nullptr)
-        return;
-
-    removeFromGroup(sock, group);
-
-    players = group->filter(EntityKind::PLAYER);
-    for (int i = 0; i < players.size(); i++) {
-        CNSocket* sockTo = players[i].sock;
-        Player* varPlr = PlayerManager::getPlayer(sock);
-
-        if (varPlr == nullptr || sockTo == nullptr)
-            continue;
-
-        respdata[i].iPC_ID = varPlr->iID;
-        respdata[i].iPCUID = varPlr->PCStyle.iPC_UID;
-        respdata[i].iNameCheck = varPlr->PCStyle.iNameCheck;
-        memcpy(respdata[i].szFirstName, varPlr->PCStyle.szFirstName, sizeof(varPlr->PCStyle.szFirstName));
-        memcpy(respdata[i].szLastName, varPlr->PCStyle.szLastName, sizeof(varPlr->PCStyle.szLastName));
-        respdata[i].iSpecialState = varPlr->iSpecialState;
-        respdata[i].iLv = varPlr->level;
-        respdata[i].iHP = varPlr->HP;
-        respdata[i].iMaxHP = PC_MAXHEALTH(varPlr->level);
-        // respdata[i]].iMapType = 0;
-        // respdata[i]].iMapNum = 0;
-        respdata[i].iX = varPlr->x;
-        respdata[i].iY = varPlr->y;
-        respdata[i].iZ = varPlr->z;
-        // client doesnt read nano data here
-
-        // remove the leaving member's buffs from the group and remove the group buffs from the leaving member.
-            // TODO ABILITIES
-          /*if (Abilities::SkillTable[varPlr->Nanos[varPlr->activeNano].iSkillID].targetType == 3)
-                Abilities::applyBuff(sock, varPlr->Nanos[varPlr->activeNano].iSkillID, 2, 1, 0);
-            if (Abilities::SkillTable[plr->Nanos[varPlr->activeNano].iSkillID].targetType == 3)
-                Abilities::applyBuff(sockTo, plr->Nanos[plr->activeNano].iSkillID, 2, 1, bitFlag);*/
-    }
-
-    sendToGroup(group, (void*)&respbuf, P_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_LEAVE, resplen);
-
-    INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_LEAVE_SUCC, resp1);
-    sock->sendPacket((void*)&resp1, P_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_LEAVE_SUCC, sizeof(sP_FE2CL_PC_GROUP_LEAVE_SUCC));
 }
 
 void Groups::init() {

src/Groups.hpp

@@ -19,16 +19,19 @@ struct Group {
             });
         return filtered;
     }
+
+    Group(EntityRef leader);
 };
 
 namespace Groups {
     void init();
 
     void sendToGroup(Group* group, void* buf, uint32_t type, size_t size);
-    void groupTickInfo(Player* plr);
+    void sendToGroup(Group* group, EntityRef excluded, void* buf, uint32_t type, size_t size);
-    void groupKick(Player* plr);
+    void groupTickInfo(CNSocket* sock);
 
-    void addToGroup(EntityRef member, Group* group);
+    void groupKick(Group* group, EntityRef ref);
-    void removeFromGroup(EntityRef member, Group* group);
+    void addToGroup(Group* group, EntityRef member);
+    bool removeFromGroup(Group* group, EntityRef member); // true iff group deleted
     void disbandGroup(Group* group);
 }

src/Items.cpp

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "Eggs.hpp"
 #include "MobAI.hpp"
 #include "Missions.hpp"
+#include "Buffs.hpp"
 
 #include <string.h> // for memset()
 #include <assert.h>
@@ -484,27 +485,31 @@ static void itemUseHandler(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
     resp->eST = EST_NANOSTIMPAK;
     resp->iSkillID = 144;
 
-    int value1 = CSB_BIT_STIMPAKSLOT1 << request->iNanoSlot;
+    int eCSB = ECSB_STIMPAKSLOT1 + request->iNanoSlot;
-    int value2 = ECSB_STIMPAKSLOT1 + request->iNanoSlot;
 
     respdata->eCT = 1;
     respdata->iID = player->iID;
-    respdata->iConditionBitFlag = value1;
+    respdata->iConditionBitFlag = CSB_FROM_ECSB(eCSB);
 
-    INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_PC_BUFF_UPDATE, pkt);
+    int durationMilliseconds = Abilities::SkillTable[144].durationTime[0] * 100;
-    pkt.eCSTB = value2; // eCharStatusTimeBuffID
+    BuffStack gumballBuff = {
-    pkt.eTBU = 1; // eTimeBuffUpdate
+        durationMilliseconds / MS_PER_PLAYER_TICK,
-    pkt.eTBT = 1; // eTimeBuffType 1 means nano
+        0,
-    pkt.iConditionBitFlag = player->iConditionBitFlag |= value1;
+        sock,
-    sock->sendPacket(pkt, P_FE2CL_PC_BUFF_UPDATE);
+        BuffClass::CASH_ITEM // or BuffClass::ITEM?
+    };
+    player->addBuff(eCSB,
+        [](EntityRef self, Buff* buff, int status, BuffStack* stack) {
+            Buffs::timeBuffUpdate(self, buff, status, stack);
+        },
+        [](EntityRef self, Buff* buff, time_t currTime) {
+            // no-op
+        },
+        &gumballBuff);
 
     sock->sendPacket((void*)&respbuf, P_FE2CL_REP_PC_ITEM_USE_SUCC, resplen);
     // update inventory serverside
     player->Inven[resp->iSlotNum] = resp->RemainItem;
-
-    std::pair<CNSocket*, int32_t> key = std::make_pair(sock, value1);
-    time_t until = getTime() + (time_t)Abilities::SkillTable[144].durationTime[0] * 100;
-    Eggs::EggBuffs[key] = until;
 }
 
 static void itemBankOpenHandler(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
@@ -757,7 +762,7 @@ static void giveSingleDrop(CNSocket *sock, Mob* mob, int mobDropId, const DropRo
     if (rolled.taros % miscDropChance.taroDropChanceTotal < miscDropChance.taroDropChance) {
         plr->money += miscDropType.taroAmount;
         // money nano boost
-        if (plr->iConditionBitFlag & CSB_BIT_REWARD_CASH) {
+        if (plr->hasBuff(ECSB_REWARD_CASH)) {
             int boost = 0;
             if (Nanos::getNanoBoost(plr)) // for gumballs
                 boost = 1;
@@ -772,7 +777,7 @@ static void giveSingleDrop(CNSocket *sock, Mob* mob, int mobDropId, const DropRo
         if (levelDifference > 0)
             fm = levelDifference < 10 ? fm - (levelDifference * fm / 10) : 0;
         // scavenger nano boost
-        if (plr->iConditionBitFlag & CSB_BIT_REWARD_BLOB) {
+        if (plr->hasBuff(ECSB_REWARD_BLOB)) {
             int boost = 0;
             if (Nanos::getNanoBoost(plr)) // for gumballs
                 boost = 1;

src/Missions.cpp

@@ -163,14 +163,14 @@ static int giveMissionReward(CNSocket *sock, int task, int choice=0) {
 
     // update player
     plr->money += reward->money;
-    if (plr->iConditionBitFlag & CSB_BIT_REWARD_CASH) { // nano boost for taros
+    if (plr->hasBuff(ECSB_REWARD_CASH)) { // nano boost for taros
         int boost = 0;
         if (Nanos::getNanoBoost(plr)) // for gumballs
             boost = 1;
         plr->money += reward->money * (5 + boost) / 25;
     }
 
-    if (plr->iConditionBitFlag & CSB_BIT_REWARD_BLOB) { // nano boost for fm
+    if (plr->hasBuff(ECSB_REWARD_BLOB)) { // nano boost for fm
         int boost = 0;
         if (Nanos::getNanoBoost(plr)) // for gumballs
             boost = 1;

src/MobAI.cpp

@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ bool MobAI::aggroCheck(Mob *mob, time_t currTime) {
 
             int mobRange = mob->sightRange;
 
-            if (plr->iConditionBitFlag & CSB_BIT_UP_STEALTH
+            if (plr->hasBuff(ECSB_UP_STEALTH)
             || Racing::EPRaces.find(s) != Racing::EPRaces.end())
                 mobRange /= 3;
 
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ static void dealCorruption(Mob *mob, std::vector<int> targetData, int skillID, i
             plr->HP -= respdata[i].iDamage;
 
         respdata[i].iHP = plr->HP;
-        respdata[i].iConditionBitFlag = plr->iConditionBitFlag;
+        respdata[i].iConditionBitFlag = plr->getCompositeCondition();
 
         if (plr->HP <= 0) {
             if (!MobAI::aggroCheck(mob, getTime()))

src/NPCManager.cpp

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ void NPCManager::updateNPCPosition(int32_t id, int X, int Y, int Z, uint64_t I,
     Chunking::updateEntityChunk({id}, oldChunk, newChunk);
 }
 
-void NPCManager::sendToViewable(BaseNPC *npc, void *buf, uint32_t type, size_t size) {
+void NPCManager::sendToViewable(Entity *npc, void *buf, uint32_t type, size_t size) {
     for (auto it = npc->viewableChunks.begin(); it != npc->viewableChunks.end(); it++) {
         Chunk* chunk = *it;
         for (const EntityRef& ref : chunk->entities) {

src/NPCManager.hpp

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace NPCManager {
     void destroyNPC(int32_t);
     void updateNPCPosition(int32_t, int X, int Y, int Z, uint64_t I, int angle);
 
-    void sendToViewable(BaseNPC* npc, void* buf, uint32_t type, size_t size);
+    void sendToViewable(Entity* npc, void* buf, uint32_t type, size_t size);
 
     BaseNPC *summonNPC(int x, int y, int z, uint64_t instance, int type, bool respawn=false, bool baseInstance=false);
 

src/Nanos.cpp

@@ -69,6 +69,52 @@ void Nanos::addNano(CNSocket* sock, int16_t nanoID, int16_t slot, bool spendfm)
     PlayerManager::sendToViewable(sock, resp2, P_FE2CL_REP_PC_CHANGE_LEVEL);
 }
 
+std::vector<ICombatant*> Nanos::applyNanoBuff(SkillData* skill, Player* plr) {
+    assert(skill->drainType == SkillDrainType::PASSIVE);
+
+    EntityRef self = PlayerManager::getSockFromID(plr->iID);
+    std::vector<ICombatant*> affected;
+    std::vector<EntityRef> targets;
+    if (skill->targetType == SkillTargetType::GROUP) {
+        targets = plr->getGroupMembers(); // group
+    }
+    else if(skill->targetType == SkillTargetType::SELF) {
+        targets.push_back(self); // self
+    } else {
+        std::cout << "[WARN] Passive skill with type " << skill->skillType << " has target type MOB" << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    int timeBuffId = Abilities::getCSTBFromST(skill->skillType);
+    int boost = Nanos::getNanoBoost(plr) ? 3 : 0;
+    int value = skill->values[0][boost];
+
+    BuffStack passiveBuff = {
+        1, // passive nano buffs refreshed every tick
+        value,
+        self,
+        BuffClass::NONE, // overwritten per target
+    };
+
+    for (EntityRef target : targets) {
+        Entity* entity = target.getEntity();
+        if (entity->kind != PLAYER && entity->kind != COMBAT_NPC && entity->kind != MOB)
+            continue; // not a combatant
+
+        passiveBuff.buffStackClass = target == self ? BuffClass::NANO : BuffClass::GROUP_NANO;
+        ICombatant* combatant = dynamic_cast<ICombatant*>(entity);
+        if(combatant->addBuff(timeBuffId,
+            [](EntityRef self, Buff* buff, int status, BuffStack* stack) {
+                Buffs::timeBuffUpdate(self, buff, status, stack);
+            },
+            [](EntityRef self, Buff* buff, time_t currTime) {
+                // no-op
+            },
+            &passiveBuff)) affected.push_back(combatant);
+    }
+
+    return affected;
+}
+
 void Nanos::summonNano(CNSocket *sock, int slot, bool silent) {
     INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_REP_NANO_ACTIVE_SUCC, resp);
     resp.iActiveNanoSlotNum = slot;
@@ -86,10 +132,16 @@ void Nanos::summonNano(CNSocket *sock, int slot, bool silent) {
         return; // sanity check
 
     plr->activeNano = nanoID;
+    sNano& nano = plr->Nanos[nanoID];
 
-    int16_t skillID = plr->Nanos[nanoID].iSkillID;
+    SkillData* skill = Abilities::SkillTable.count(nano.iSkillID) > 0
-    if (Abilities::SkillTable.count(skillID) > 0 && Abilities::SkillTable[skillID].drainType == SkillDrainType::PASSIVE)
+                        ? &Abilities::SkillTable[nano.iSkillID] : nullptr;
-        resp.eCSTB___Add = 1; // passive buff effect
+    if (slot != -1 && skill != nullptr && skill->drainType == SkillDrainType::PASSIVE) {
+        // passive buff effect
+        resp.eCSTB___Add = 1;
+        std::vector<ICombatant*> affectedCombatants = applyNanoBuff(skill, plr);
+        if(!affectedCombatants.empty()) Abilities::useNanoSkill(sock, nano, affectedCombatants);
+    }
 
     if (!silent) // silent nano death but only for the summoning player
         sock->sendPacket(resp, P_FE2CL_REP_NANO_ACTIVE_SUCC);
@@ -97,7 +149,7 @@ void Nanos::summonNano(CNSocket *sock, int slot, bool silent) {
     // Send to other players, these players can't handle silent nano deaths so this packet needs to be sent.
     INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_NANO_ACTIVE, pkt1);
     pkt1.iPC_ID = plr->iID;
-    pkt1.Nano = plr->Nanos[nanoID];
+    pkt1.Nano = nano;
     PlayerManager::sendToViewable(sock, pkt1, P_FE2CL_NANO_ACTIVE);
 }
 
@@ -184,7 +236,7 @@ int Nanos::nanoStyle(int nanoID) {
 bool Nanos::getNanoBoost(Player* plr) {
     for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) 
         if (plr->equippedNanos[i] == plr->activeNano)
-            if (plr->iConditionBitFlag & (CSB_BIT_STIMPAKSLOT1 << i))
+            if (plr->hasBuff(ECSB_STIMPAKSLOT1 + i))
                 return true;
     return false;
 }
@@ -208,18 +260,6 @@ static void nanoEquipHandler(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
     // Update player
     plr->equippedNanos[nano->iNanoSlotNum] = nano->iNanoID;
 
-    // Unbuff gumballs
-    int value1 = CSB_BIT_STIMPAKSLOT1 << nano->iNanoSlotNum;
-    if (plr->iConditionBitFlag & value1) {
-        int value2 = ECSB_STIMPAKSLOT1 + nano->iNanoSlotNum;
-        INITSTRUCT(sP_FE2CL_PC_BUFF_UPDATE, pkt);
-        pkt.eCSTB = value2; // eCharStatusTimeBuffID
-        pkt.eTBU = 2; // eTimeBuffUpdate
-        pkt.eTBT = 1; // eTimeBuffType 1 means nano
-        pkt.iConditionBitFlag = plr->iConditionBitFlag &= ~value1;
-        sock->sendPacket(pkt, P_FE2CL_PC_BUFF_UPDATE);
-    }
-
     // unsummon nano if replaced
     if (plr->activeNano == plr->equippedNanos[nano->iNanoSlotNum])
         summonNano(sock, -1);

src/Nanos.hpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "core/Core.hpp"
 
 #include "Player.hpp"
+#include "Abilities.hpp"
 
 #include <map>
 
@@ -25,4 +26,5 @@ namespace Nanos {
     void summonNano(CNSocket* sock, int slot, bool silent = false);
     int nanoStyle(int nanoID);
     bool getNanoBoost(Player* plr);
+    std::vector<ICombatant*> applyNanoBuff(SkillData* skill, Player* plr);
 }

src/Player.hpp

@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@
 
 #include <vector>
 
+/* forward declaration(s) */
+class Buff;
+struct BuffStack;
+
 #define ACTIVE_MISSION_COUNT 6
 
 #define PC_MAXHEALTH(level) (925 + 75 * (level))
@@ -32,9 +36,8 @@ struct Player : public Entity, public ICombatant {
     int8_t iPCState = 0;
     int32_t iWarpLocationFlag = 0;
     int64_t aSkywayLocationFlag[2] = {};
-    int32_t iConditionBitFlag = 0;
-    int32_t iSelfConditionBitFlag = 0;
     int8_t iSpecialState = 0;
+    std::unordered_map<int, Buff*> buffs = {};
 
     int angle = 0;
     int lastX = 0, lastY = 0, lastZ = 0, lastAngle = 0;
@@ -86,13 +89,25 @@ struct Player : public Entity, public ICombatant {
     virtual void enterIntoViewOf(CNSocket *sock) override;
     virtual void disappearFromViewOf(CNSocket *sock) override;
 
+    virtual bool addBuff(int buffId, BuffCallback<int, BuffStack*> onUpdate, BuffCallback<time_t> onTick, BuffStack* stack) override;
+    virtual Buff* getBuff(int buffId) override;
+    virtual void removeBuff(int buffId) override;
+    virtual void removeBuff(int buffId, int buffClass) override;
+    virtual bool hasBuff(int buffId) override;
+    virtual int getCompositeCondition() override;
     virtual int takeDamage(EntityRef src, int amt) override;
-    virtual void heal(EntityRef src, int amt) override;
+    virtual int heal(EntityRef src, int amt) override;
     virtual bool isAlive() override;
     virtual int getCurrentHP() override;
+    virtual int getMaxHP() override;
+    virtual int getLevel() override;
+    virtual std::vector<EntityRef> getGroupMembers() override;
+    virtual int32_t getCharType() override;
     virtual int32_t getID() override;
+    virtual EntityRef getRef() override;
 
     virtual void step(time_t currTime) override;
 
+    sNano* getActiveNano();
     sPCAppearanceData getAppearanceData();
 };

src/PlayerManager.cpp

@@ -36,8 +36,13 @@ void PlayerManager::removePlayer(CNSocket* key) {
     Player* plr = getPlayer(key);
     uint64_t fromInstance = plr->instanceID;
 
+    // free buff memory
+    for(auto buffEntry : plr->buffs)
+        delete buffEntry.second;
+
+    // leave group
     if(plr->group != nullptr)
-        Groups::groupKick(plr);
+        Groups::groupKick(plr->group, key);
 
     // remove player's bullets
     Combat::Bullets.erase(plr->iID);
@@ -61,16 +66,6 @@ void PlayerManager::removePlayer(CNSocket* key) {
     // if the player was in a lair, clean it up
     Chunking::destroyInstanceIfEmpty(fromInstance);
 
-    // remove player's buffs from the server
-    auto it = Eggs::EggBuffs.begin();
-    while (it != Eggs::EggBuffs.end()) {
-        if (it->first.first == key) {
-            it = Eggs::EggBuffs.erase(it);
-        }
-        else
-            it++;
-    }
-
     std::cout << players.size() << " players" << std::endl;
 }
 
@@ -403,7 +398,7 @@ static void revivePlayer(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
 
     switch ((ePCRegenType)reviveData->iRegenType) {
     case ePCRegenType::HereByPhoenix: // nano revive
-        if (!(plr->iConditionBitFlag & CSB_BIT_PHOENIX))
+        if (!(plr->hasBuff(ECSB_PHOENIX)))
             return; // sanity check
         plr->Nanos[plr->activeNano].iStamina = 0;
         // TODO ABILITIES
@@ -470,10 +465,8 @@ static void revivePlayer(CNSocket* sock, CNPacketData* data) {
     resp2.PCRegenDataForOtherPC.iAngle = plr->angle;
 
     if (plr->group != nullptr) {
-        // TODO ABILITIES
-        //int bitFlag = plr->group->conditionBitFlag;
-        //resp2.PCRegenDataForOtherPC.iConditionBitFlag = plr->iConditionBitFlag = plr->iSelfConditionBitFlag | bitFlag;
         
+        resp2.PCRegenDataForOtherPC.iConditionBitFlag = plr->getCompositeCondition();
         resp2.PCRegenDataForOtherPC.iPCState = plr->iPCState;
         resp2.PCRegenDataForOtherPC.iSpecialState = plr->iSpecialState;
         resp2.PCRegenDataForOtherPC.Nano = plr->Nanos[plr->activeNano];

src/core/CNProtocol.hpp

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ inline constexpr bool isOutboundPacketID(uint32_t id) {
 
 // overflow-safe validation of variable-length packets
 // for outbound packets
-inline constexpr bool validOutVarPacket(size_t base, int32_t npayloads, size_t plsize) {
+inline constexpr bool validOutVarPacket(size_t base, size_t npayloads, size_t plsize) {
     // check for multiplication overflow
     if (npayloads > 0 && (CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE - 8) / (size_t)npayloads < plsize)
         return false;
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ inline constexpr bool validOutVarPacket(size_t base, int32_t npayloads, size_t p
 }
 
 // for inbound packets
-inline constexpr bool validInVarPacket(size_t base, int32_t npayloads, size_t plsize, size_t datasize) {
+inline constexpr bool validInVarPacket(size_t base, size_t npayloads, size_t plsize, size_t datasize) {
     // check for multiplication overflow
     if (npayloads > 0 && (CN_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE - 8) / (size_t)npayloads < plsize)
         return false;

src/core/Defines.hpp

@@ -118,6 +118,27 @@ enum {
     ECSTB__END = 26,
 };
 
+enum {
+	ETBU_NONE = 0,
+	ETBU_ADD = 1,
+	ETBU_DEL = 2,
+	ETBU_CHANGE = 3,
+    ETBU__END = 4,
+};
+
+enum  {
+	ETBT_NONE = 0,
+	ETBT_NANO = 1,
+	ETBT_GROUPNANO = 2,
+	ETBT_SHINY = 3,
+	ETBT_LANDEFFECT = 4,
+	ETBT_ITEM = 5,
+	ETBT_CASHITEM = 6,
+	ETBT__END = 7,
+	ETBT_SKILL = 1,
+	ETBT_GROUPSKILL = 2
+};
+
 enum {
     SUCC = 1,
     FAIL = 0,

src/servers/CNShardServer.hpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 #define REGISTER_SHARD_PACKET(pactype, handlr) CNShardServer::ShardPackets[pactype] = handlr;
 #define REGISTER_SHARD_TIMER(handlr, delta) CNShardServer::Timers.push_back(TimerEvent(handlr, delta));
+#define MS_PER_PLAYER_TICK 500
 
 class CNShardServer : public CNServer {
 private: