Update known working version

.gitea/workflows/make_png.yaml

@@ -5,20 +5,22 @@ on: push
 
 jobs:
   build-app:
-    runs-on: linux_amd64
+    runs-on: shy-server
     steps:
       - name: Checkout current
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           path: curr
           submodules: recursive
-      - name: Checkout previous
+          lfs: true
+      - name: Checkout previous known working
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           path: prev
-          fetch-depth: 2
+          fetch-depth: 0
           submodules: recursive
-      - run: cd prev && git checkout HEAD^
+          lfs: true
+      - run: cd prev && git checkout 263cf68ca2
       - name: Build current
         run: cmake -S curr -B curr/build -DGLERMINAL_TEST=ON && cmake --build curr/build
       - name: Build previous
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
         run: cd curr/build/tests && ls $PWD/resources && XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=$PWD xvfb-run -a ./test-basic
       - name: Generate PNG file for previous
         run: cd prev/build/tests && ls $PWD/resources && XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=$PWD xvfb-run -a ./test-basic
-      - name: Upload current PNG
+      - name: Upload PNG files
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
             name: basic

.gitignore

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
 build/
+cmake-build-*/
+.idea/
+.cache/

.gitmodules

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 [submodule "glfw"]
 	path = glfw
-	url = https://git.shylie.info/shylie/glfw.git
+	url = https://github.com/glfw/glfw.git

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ set(GLERMINAL_GRID_WIDTH 40 CACHE STRING "")
 set(GLERMINAL_GRID_HEIGHT 25 CACHE STRING "")
 set(GLERMINAL_LAYER_COUNT 64 CACHE STRING "")
 set(GLERMINAL_CELL_SCALE 4 CACHE STRING "")
+set(GLERMINAL_CELL_SIZE 8 CACHE STRING "")
 
 configure_file(source/glerminal-config.h.in glerminal-config.h @ONLY)
 
@@ -20,12 +21,16 @@ add_library(glerminal STATIC
   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/glerminal-config.h
   include/glerminal.h
 
+  source/stb_image.h
   source/glerminal-private.h
   source/glerminal.cpp
 
   source/glad/glad.h
   source/KHR/khrplatform.h
   source/glad.c
+
+  source/miniaudio.h
+  source/miniaudio.c
 )
 
 set_target_properties(glerminal
@@ -42,7 +47,7 @@ target_include_directories(glerminal
 )
 
 target_link_libraries(glerminal
-	PRIVATE
+  PUBLIC
     glfw
 )
 
@@ -54,13 +59,6 @@ target_compile_definitions(glerminal
     GLERMINAL_VERSION_PATCH=${PROJECT_VERSION_PATCH}
 )
 
-if (MSVC)
-	target_link_options(glerminal
-		PUBLIC
-			"/ENTRY:mainCRTStartup"
-	)
-endif()
-
 if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
   add_subdirectory(examples examples)
 endif()

PROJECT_RETROSPECTIVE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# A look back on what I learned
+
+## why?
+
+I came across an art/rendering style called "sprite stacking".
+I found sprite stacking very interesting in comparison to traditional methods,
+and wanted to experiment with the style.
+
+## challenge
+
+This was my first big graphics-based project. Computer graphics
+at the low-level was new to me. I took this as an opportunity to
+learn the basics of OpenGL. This learning process was the most
+difficult part of the project, especially the domain-specific
+rendering techniques used.
+
+## how?
+
+I found some [great tutorials](https://learnopengl.com) to get started,
+and though these helped, I also did a lot of individual
+learning through experimentation and discussion with peers.
+
+## results
+
+In the end, the library had most of the functionality
+I originally wanted. The library can draw up to 256 layers of icons in a grid,
+with optional offsets and tints per icon. Here's an example with only 7 library calls:
+
+![example gif](./example.gif)
+
+## evaluation
+
+Besides learning the basics of OpenGL, I also learned
+how to use CMake to help build the library. Also, I set up
+continuous integration for automated testing on a git commit.
+If I were to rewrite this library, I would definitely invest more
+into the automated testing process.

README.md

@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
-# termg
+# glerminal
 
+glerminal is a tile-based graphics library created
+with the intent to use a sprite-stacking art style.

examples/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -12,8 +12,10 @@ file(GLOB_RECURSE
 
 foreach(RESOURCE_FILE ${EXAMPLE_RESOURCES})
 	add_custom_command(
-		OUTPUT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${RESOURCE_FILE}
+		OUTPUT
-		COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy
+			${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${RESOURCE_FILE}
+		COMMAND
+			${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy
 				${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${RESOURCE_FILE}
 				${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${RESOURCE_FILE}
 		DEPENDS

examples/atlas.cpp

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ namespace
 		glerminal_load_sprites_file("resources/atlas.png");
 	}
 
-	void mainloop(float dt)
+	void mainloop(double dt)
 	{
-		static float time = 1;
+		static double time = 1;
 
 		time += dt;
 
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ namespace
 			{
 				for (int k = 0; k < LAYER_COUNT; k++)
 				{
-					glerminal_set(i, j, k, rand() % 4);
+					glerminal_set(i + 1, j + 1, k, rand() % 4);
-					glerminal_offset(i, j, k, (rand() * rand()) % 64 - 32, (rand() * rand()) % 64 - 32);
+					glerminal_offset(i + 1, j + 1, k, (rand() * rand()) % 64 - 32, (rand() * rand()) % 64 - 32);
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -42,5 +42,5 @@ namespace
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv)
 {
-	glerminal_run(init, mainloop);
+	glerminal_run({init, mainloop});
 }

examples/basic.cpp

@@ -9,25 +9,25 @@ namespace
 	{
 		glerminal_load_sprites_file("resources/basic.png");
 
-		for (int i = 0; i < GRID_WIDTH; i++)
+		for (int i = 0; i < GRID_WIDTH + 2; i++)
 		{
-			for (int j = 0; j < GRID_HEIGHT; j++)
+			for (int j = 0; j < GRID_HEIGHT + 2; j++)
 			{
 				glerminal_set(i, j, 0, 1);
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	void mainloop(float dt)
+	void mainloop(double dt)
 	{
-		static float time = 0;
+		static double time = 0;
 
 		time += dt;
 		time = fmodf(time, 3.1415926f * 2);
 
-		for (int i = 0; i < GRID_WIDTH; i++)
+		for (int i = 0; i < GRID_WIDTH + 2; i++)
 		{
-			for (int j = 0; j < GRID_HEIGHT; j++)
+			for (int j = 0; j < GRID_HEIGHT + 2; j++)
 			{
 				glerminal_offset(i, j, 0, cosf(time - i / 3.1415f), sinf(time - j / 3.1415f));
 			}
@@ -39,5 +39,5 @@ namespace
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv)
 {
-	glerminal_run(init, mainloop);
+	glerminal_run({init, mainloop});
 }

examples/rogue.cpp

@@ -18,22 +18,16 @@ namespace
 	{
 		glerminal_load_sprites_file("resources/rogue.png");
 
-		for (int i = 0; i < WALL_LAYERS; i++)
+		for (int i = 0; i < GRID_WIDTH + 2; i++)
 		{
-			const unsigned char v = (i + 1) * (256 / WALL_LAYERS) - 1;
+			for (int j = 0; j < GRID_HEIGHT + 2; j++)
-			const unsigned int j = (0xFF << 24) | (v << 16) | (v << 8) | v;
-			glerminal_layer_color(i, j);
-
-			glerminal_layer_scale(i, (i / static_cast<float>(WALL_LAYERS)) + 1);
-		}
-
-		for (int i = 0; i < GRID_WIDTH; i++)
-		{
-			for (int j = 0; j < GRID_HEIGHT; j++)
 			{
 				for (int k = 0; k < WALL_LAYERS; k++)
 				{
-					if (i == 0 || j == 0 || i == GRID_WIDTH - 1 || j == GRID_HEIGHT - 1)
+					const unsigned char v = (k + 1) * (256 / WALL_LAYERS) - 1;
+					const unsigned int c = (0xFF << 24) | (v << 16) | (v << 8) | v;
+
+					if (i == 1 || j == 1 || i == GRID_WIDTH || j == GRID_HEIGHT)
 					{
 						glerminal_set(i, j, k, floor);
 					}
@@ -41,22 +35,25 @@ namespace
 					{
 						glerminal_set(i, j, k, wall);
 					}
+
+					glerminal_color(i, j, k, c);
+					glerminal_scale(i, j, k, (k / static_cast<float>(WALL_LAYERS)) + 1);
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	void mainloop(float dt)
+	void mainloop(double dt)
 	{
-		static float time = 0;
+		static double time = 0;
 		time += dt;
 
-		const float cx = GRID_WIDTH / 2.0f * cosf(time / 2) + GRID_WIDTH / 2.0f;
+		const float cx = GRID_WIDTH / 2.0f * cosf(time / 2) + GRID_WIDTH / 2.0f + 0.5f;
-		const float cy = GRID_HEIGHT / 2.0f * sinf(time / 2) + GRID_HEIGHT / 2.0f;
+		const float cy = GRID_HEIGHT / 2.0f * sinf(time / 2) + GRID_HEIGHT / 2.0f + 0.5f;
 
-		for (int i = 0; i < GRID_WIDTH; i++)
+		for (int i = 0; i < GRID_WIDTH + 2; i++)
 		{
-			for (int j = 0; j < GRID_HEIGHT; j++)
+			for (int j = 0; j < GRID_HEIGHT + 2; j++)
 			{
 				for (int k = 0; k < WALL_LAYERS; k++)
 				{
@@ -83,5 +80,5 @@ namespace
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv)
 {
-	glerminal_run(init, mainloop);
+	glerminal_run({init, mainloop});
 }

examples/towers.cpp

@@ -11,40 +11,41 @@ namespace
 		
 		glerminal_load_sprites_file("resources/towers.png");
 
-		for (int i = 0; i < LAYER_COUNT; i++)
-		{
-			constexpr unsigned char c = 16;
-			const unsigned char v = (255 - c) * powf((256 / LAYER_COUNT * i - 1) / 256.0f, 2.0f) + c;
-			const unsigned int j = (0xFF << 24) | (v << 16) | (v << 8) | v;
-			glerminal_layer_color(i, j);
-			glerminal_layer_scale(i, i / static_cast<float>(LAYER_COUNT) + 1);
-		}
 
-		for (int i = 0; i < GRID_WIDTH; i++)
+		for (int i = 0; i < GRID_WIDTH + 2; i++)
 		{
-			for (int j = 0; j < GRID_HEIGHT; j++)
+			for (int j = 0; j < GRID_HEIGHT + 2; j++)
 			{
 				const int c = rand() % (LAYER_COUNT * 3 / 4) + LAYER_COUNT / 4;
 				for (int k = 0; k < c; k++)
 				{
 					glerminal_set(i, j, k, 1);
 				}
+
+				for (int k = 0; k < LAYER_COUNT; k++)
+				{
+					constexpr unsigned char min = 16;
+					const unsigned char v = (255 - min) * powf((256 / LAYER_COUNT * k - 1) / 256.0f, 2.0f) + min;
+					const unsigned int col = (0xFF << 24) | (v << 16) | (v << 8) | v;
+					glerminal_color(i, j, k, col);
+					glerminal_scale(i, j, k, k / static_cast<float>(LAYER_COUNT) + 1);
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	void mainloop(float dt)
+	void mainloop(double dt)
 	{
-		static float time = 0;
+		static double time = 0;
 
 		time += dt;
 
-		const float cx = (GRID_WIDTH / 2.0f) * cosf(time / 3.1415f) + (GRID_WIDTH / 2.0f);
+		const float cx = (GRID_WIDTH / 2.0f) * cosf(time / 3.1415f) + (GRID_WIDTH / 2.0f) + 0.5f;
-		const float cy = (GRID_HEIGHT / 2.0f) * sinf(time / 3.1415f) + (GRID_HEIGHT / 2.0f);
+		const float cy = (GRID_HEIGHT / 2.0f) * sinf(time / 3.1415f) + (GRID_HEIGHT / 2.0f) + 0.5f;
 
-		for (int i = 0; i < GRID_WIDTH; i++)
+		for (int i = 0; i < GRID_WIDTH + 2; i++)
 		{
-			for (int j = 0; j < GRID_WIDTH; j++)
+			for (int j = 0; j < GRID_WIDTH + 2; j++)
 			{
 				for (int k = 0; k < LAYER_COUNT; k++)
 				{
@@ -63,5 +64,5 @@ namespace
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv)
 {
-	glerminal_run(init, mainloop);
+	glerminal_run({init, mainloop});
 }

include/glerminal.h

@@ -9,14 +9,24 @@ extern "C"
 #endif
 
 typedef void (*glerminal_init_cb)();
-typedef void (*glerminal_main_cb)(float dt);
+typedef void (*glerminal_main_cb)(double dt);
+typedef void (*glerminal_keys_cb)(int key);
+typedef void (*glerminal_mousemoved_cb)(double x, double y);
+typedef void (*glerminal_mousepress_cb)(int button, double x, double y);
+
+typedef struct {
+ glerminal_init_cb init;
+ glerminal_main_cb main;
+ glerminal_keys_cb keypress, keyrelease;
+ glerminal_mousemoved_cb moved;
+ glerminal_mousepress_cb mousepress, mouserelease;
+} glerminal_init_params;
 
 /**
  * @brief Call init once, then run the application's mainloop
- * @param init initialization callback
+ * @param params Initialization parameters
- * @param main main calllback
  */
-void glerminal_run(glerminal_init_cb init, glerminal_main_cb main);
+void glerminal_run(glerminal_init_params params);
 
 void glerminal_quit();
 
@@ -27,42 +37,46 @@ void glerminal_flush();
 
 /**
  * @brief Set a cell's sprite
- * @param x position of the cell in the range [0, 40)
+ * @param x position of the cell in the range [0, GRID_WIDTH)
- * @param y position of the cell in the range [0, 25)
+ * @param y position of the cell in the range [0, GRID_HEIGHT)
- * @param layer layer of the cell in the range [0, 8)
+ * @param layer layer of the cell in the range [0, LAYER_COUNT)
- * @param sprite sprite's index in the range [0, 256)
+ * @param sprite sprite's index in the range [0, 4096)
  */
-void glerminal_set(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, unsigned char layer, unsigned char sprite);
+void glerminal_set(int x, int y, int layer, unsigned short sprite);
 /**
  * @brief Get a cell's sprite
- * @param x position of the cell in the range [0, 40)
+ * @param x position of the cell in the range [0, GRID_WIDTH)
- * @param y position of the cell in the range [0, 25)
+ * @param y position of the cell in the range [0, GRID_HEIGHT)
- * @param layer layer of the cell in the range [0, 8)
+ * @param layer layer of the cell in the range [0, LAYER_COUNT)
  * @return sprite index currently assigned to the cell
  */
-unsigned char glerminal_get(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, unsigned char layer);
+unsigned short glerminal_get(int x, int y, int layer);
 /**
  * @brief Set a cell's offset
- * @param x position of the cell in the range [0, 40)
+ * @param x position of the cell in the range [0, GRID_WIDTH)
- * @param y position of the cell in the range [0, 25)
+ * @param y position of the cell in the range [0, GRID_HEIGHT)
- * @param layer layer of the cell in the range [0, 8)
+ * @param layer layer of the cell in the range [0, LAYER_COUNT)
- * @param x_offset offset of the cell on the x axis in the range [-128, 127], where 0 is no offset
+ * @param x_offset offset of the cell on the x axis in cells
- * @param y_offset offset of the cell on the y axis in the range [-128, 127], where 0 is no offset
+ * @param y_offset offset of the cell on the y axis in cells
  */
-void glerminal_offset(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, unsigned char layer, float x_offset, float y_offset);
+void glerminal_offset(int x, int y, int layer, float x_offset, float y_offset);
 
 /**
- * @brief Set a layer's color
+ * @brief Set a cell's color
- * @param layer The layer to modify
+ * @param x position of the cell in the range [0, GRID_WIDTH)
+ * @param y position of the cell in the range [0, GRID_HEIGHT)
+ * @param layer layer of the cell in the range [0, LAYER_COUNT)
  * @param color The new color
  */
-void glerminal_layer_color(unsigned char layer, unsigned int color);
+void glerminal_color(int x, int y, int layer, unsigned int color);
 /**
- * @brief Set a layer's scale
+ * @brief Set a cell's scale
- * @param layer The layer to modify
+ * @param x position of the cell in the range [0, GRID_WIDTH)
+ * @param y position of the cell in the range [0, GRID_HEIGHT)
+ * @param layer layer of the cell in the range [0, LAYER_COUNT)
  * @param scale The new scale
  */
-void glerminal_layer_scale(unsigned char layer, float scale);
+void glerminal_scale(int x, int y, int layer, float scale);
 
 /**
  * @brief Load sprites from a png file
@@ -78,6 +92,8 @@ int glerminal_load_sprites_file(const char* filename);
  */
 int glerminal_load_sprites_buffer(unsigned char width, unsigned char height, const unsigned int* buffer);
 
+void glerminal_sound(const char* name);
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif

source/glerminal-config.h.in

@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ enum
 	GRID_WIDTH = @GLERMINAL_GRID_WIDTH@,
 	GRID_HEIGHT = @GLERMINAL_GRID_HEIGHT@,
 	LAYER_COUNT = @GLERMINAL_LAYER_COUNT@,
-	CELL_SCALE = @GLERMINAL_CELL_SCALE@
+	CELL_SCALE = @GLERMINAL_CELL_SCALE@,
+	CELL_SIZE = @GLERMINAL_CELL_SIZE@
 };
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus

source/glerminal-private.h

@@ -2,30 +2,36 @@
 #define GLERMINAL_PRIVATE_H
 
 #include "glerminal.h"
+#include "miniaudio.h"
 
 #include <stb_image.h>
 #include <glad/glad.h>
 #include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
 
 #include <iostream>
-#include <fstream>
+#include <map>
-#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
 
 namespace glerminal
 {
-	constexpr unsigned int CELL_SIZE = 8;
+	constexpr unsigned int MAX_SPRITES_ROW = 64;
+	constexpr unsigned int MAX_SPRITES = MAX_SPRITES_ROW * MAX_SPRITES_ROW;
 	constexpr unsigned int GRID_WIDTH = ::GRID_WIDTH;
 	constexpr unsigned int GRID_HEIGHT = ::GRID_HEIGHT;
 	constexpr unsigned int LAYER_COUNT = ::LAYER_COUNT;
 	constexpr unsigned int CELL_SCALE = ::CELL_SCALE;
+	constexpr unsigned int CELL_SIZE = ::CELL_SIZE;
 	constexpr unsigned int GRID_AREA = GRID_WIDTH * GRID_HEIGHT;
 	constexpr unsigned int SCREEN_WIDTH = GRID_WIDTH * CELL_SIZE * CELL_SCALE;
 	constexpr unsigned int SCREEN_HEIGHT = GRID_HEIGHT * CELL_SIZE * CELL_SCALE;
+	constexpr unsigned int SOUND_CHANNELS = 8;
+
+	constexpr unsigned int GRID_AREA_2 = (GRID_WIDTH + 2) * (GRID_HEIGHT + 2);
 
 	class glerminal
 	{
 	public:
-		glerminal(glerminal_init_cb init, glerminal_main_cb main);
+		explicit glerminal(glerminal_init_params params);
 		~glerminal();
 
 		glerminal(const glerminal&) = delete;
@@ -39,12 +45,14 @@ namespace glerminal
 
 		void flush();
 
-		void set(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, unsigned char layer, unsigned char sprite);
+		void set(int x, int y, int layer, unsigned short sprite);
-		unsigned char get(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, unsigned char layer) const;
+		unsigned short get(int x, int y, int layer) const;
-		void offset(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, unsigned char layer, float x_offset, float y_offset);
+		void offset(int x, int y, int layer, float x_offset, float y_offset);
-		void layer_color(unsigned char layer, unsigned int color);
+		void color(int x, int y, int layer, unsigned int color);
-		void layer_scale(unsigned char layer, float scale);
+		void scale(int x,int y, int layer, float scale);
 		void load_atlas(unsigned char w, unsigned char h, const unsigned int* data);
+		bool load_sound(const char* name);
+		void play_sound(const char* name);
 
 	private:
 		// glfw data
@@ -65,25 +73,26 @@ namespace glerminal
 		unsigned int m_framebuffer_backing_texture;
 		unsigned int m_screen_framebuffer;
 		unsigned int m_screen_framebuffer_backing_texture;
-		unsigned int m_layer_colors_buffer;
+		unsigned int m_colors_instance_vbo;
-		unsigned int m_layer_scales_buffer;
+		unsigned int m_scales_instance_vbo;
-		unsigned int m_screen_size_uniform_location;
-		unsigned int m_palette_uniform_location;
 
 		// per-cell data
 
-		unsigned char m_cells[GRID_AREA * LAYER_COUNT];
+		unsigned short m_cells[GRID_AREA_2 * LAYER_COUNT];
-		float m_offsets[GRID_AREA * LAYER_COUNT * 2];
+		float m_offsets[GRID_AREA_2 * LAYER_COUNT * 2];
-
+		unsigned char m_colors[GRID_AREA_2 * LAYER_COUNT * 4];
-		// per-layer data
+		float m_scales[GRID_AREA_2 * LAYER_COUNT];
-
-		float m_layer_colors[LAYER_COUNT * 4];
-		float m_layer_scales[LAYER_COUNT];
 
 		// library state
 
-		unsigned int m_sprites[CELL_SIZE * CELL_SIZE * (1 << (8 * sizeof(*m_cells)))];
+		unsigned int m_sprites[(CELL_SIZE + 2) * (CELL_SIZE + 2) * MAX_SPRITES];
 		glerminal_main_cb m_main;
+		glerminal_keys_cb m_keypressed, m_keyreleased;
+		glerminal_mousemoved_cb m_mousemoved;
+		glerminal_mousepress_cb m_mousepressed, m_mousereleased;
+
+		ma_engine m_audio_engine;
+		std::map<std::string, ma_sound> m_sounds;
 
 #ifdef GLERMINAL_OPENGL_DEBUG_CONTEXT
 		mutable std::ofstream m_log;
@@ -93,12 +102,20 @@ namespace glerminal
 		void init_glfw();
 		void init_gl();
 
+		void init_audio();
+
 		void deinit_glfw();
 		void deinit_gl();
 
+		void deinit_audio();
+
 		void update_sprites();
-		void update_layer_colors();
+		void update_colors();
-		void update_layer_scales();
+		void update_scales();
+
+		static void glfw_key_handler(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mods);
+		static void glfw_mousemoved_handler(GLFWwindow* window, double x, double y);
+		static void glfw_mousepress_handler(GLFWwindow* window, int button, int action, int mods);
 	};
 }
 

source/glerminal.cpp

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 #define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
 #define STBI_ONLY_PNG
-#define STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS 128
+#define STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS 2048
 #include "glerminal-private.h"
 
 #define GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME "grid_size"
 #define SPRITES_UNIFORM_NAME "sprites"
 #define LAYERS_UNIFORM_NAME "layers"
 #define LAYER_COUNT_UNIFORM_NAME "layer_count"
+#define ATLAS_WIDTH_UNIFORM_NAME "atlas_width"
+#define CELL_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME "cell_size"
 
 namespace
 {
@@ -30,14 +32,15 @@ namespace
 		"layout (location = 0) in vec2 position;\n"
 		"layout (location = 1) in vec2 offset;\n"
 		"layout (location = 2) in int sprite;\n"
+		"layout (location = 3) in vec4 color;\n"
+		"layout (location = 4) in float scale;\n"
+		"uniform float " CELL_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ";\n"
 		"uniform vec4 " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ";\n"
-		"layout (std430, binding = 0) buffer LayerScales"
+		"uniform int " ATLAS_WIDTH_UNIFORM_NAME ";\n"
-		"{\n"
-		"	float scales[];\n"
-		"} lss;\n"
 		"out VS_OUT {\n"
 		"	flat int sprite;\n"
 		"	flat int layer;\n"
+		"	flat vec4 layer_color;\n"
 		"	vec2 texcoord;\n"
 		"} vs_out;\n"
 		"void main()\n"
@@ -46,9 +49,10 @@ namespace
 		"	vec2 scaled_offset = 2 * offset * " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".zw;\n"
 		"	vs_out.sprite = sprite;\n"
 		"	vs_out.layer = layer;\n"
-		"	vs_out.texcoord = vec2(position.x + 1, -position.y);\n"
+		"	vs_out.layer_color = color;\n"
-		"	vec2 cell_position = vec2(lss.scales[layer] + (gl_InstanceID % int(" GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".y)) - " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".x * floor((gl_InstanceID % int(" GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".y)) * " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".z), -floor((gl_InstanceID % int(" GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".y)) * " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".z));\n"
+		"	vs_out.texcoord = vec2(sprite % " ATLAS_WIDTH_UNIFORM_NAME " + position.x + 1, (sprite / " ATLAS_WIDTH_UNIFORM_NAME ") - position.y) / vec2(" ATLAS_WIDTH_UNIFORM_NAME ") + vec2(-(2 * position.x + 1) * " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".z / (2 * " CELL_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME "), (2 * position.y + 1) * " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".z / (2 * " CELL_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME "));\n"
-		"	vec2 temp = ((position + vec2(-0.5, 0.5)) * lss.scales[layer] + cell_position + vec2(0.5, -0.5)) * " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".zw * 2 + vec2(-1, 1);\n"
+		"	vec2 cell_position = vec2(scale + (gl_InstanceID % int(" GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".y)) - " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".x * floor((gl_InstanceID % int(" GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".y)) / " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".x), -floor((gl_InstanceID % int(" GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".y)) / " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".x));\n"
+		"	vec2 temp = ((position + vec2(-0.5, 0.5)) * scale + cell_position + vec2(-0.5, 0.5)) * " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".zw * 2 + vec2(-1, 1);\n"
 		"	gl_Position = vec4(scaled_offset.x + temp.x, scaled_offset.y - temp.y, 0, 1);\n"
 		"}";
 
@@ -60,13 +64,14 @@ namespace
 		"layout (location = 0) in vec2 position;\n"
 		"layout (location = 1) in vec2 offset;\n"
 		"layout (location = 2) in int sprite;\n"
+		"layout (location = 3) in vec4 color;\n"
+		"layout (location = 4) in float scale;\n"
+		"uniform float " CELL_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ";\n"
 		"uniform vec4 " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ";\n"
-		"layout (std430, binding = 0) buffer LayerScales"
+		"uniform int " ATLAS_WIDTH_UNIFORM_NAME ";\n"
-		"{\n"
-		"	float scales[];\n"
-		"} lss;\n"
 		"out VS_OUT {\n"
 		"	flat int sprite;\n"
+		"	flat vec4 layer_color;\n"
 		"	vec2 texcoord;\n"
 		"} vs_out;\n"
 		"void main()\n"
@@ -75,9 +80,10 @@ namespace
 		"	gl_Layer = layer;\n"
 		"	vec2 scaled_offset = 2 * offset * " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".zw;\n"
 		"	vs_out.sprite = sprite;\n"
-		"	vs_out.texcoord = vec2(position.x + 1, -position.y);\n"
+		"	vs_out.texcoord = vec2(sprite % " ATLAS_WIDTH_UNIFORM_NAME " + position.x + 1, (sprite / " ATLAS_WIDTH_UNIFORM_NAME ") - position.y) / vec2(" ATLAS_WIDTH_UNIFORM_NAME ") + vec2(-(2 * position.x + 1) * " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".z / (2 * " CELL_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME "), (2 * position.y + 1) * " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".z / (2 * " CELL_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME "));\n"
-		"	vec2 cell_position = vec2(lss.scales[layer] + (gl_InstanceID % int(" GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".y)) - " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".x * floor((gl_InstanceID % int(" GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".y)) * " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".z), -floor((gl_InstanceID % int(" GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".y)) * " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".z));\n"
+		"	vs_out.layer_color = color;\n"
-		"	vec2 temp = ((position + vec2(-0.5, 0.5)) * lss.scales[layer] + cell_position + vec2(0.5, -0.5)) * " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".zw * 2 + vec2(-1, 1);\n"
+		"	vec2 cell_position = vec2(scale + (gl_InstanceID % int(" GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".y)) - " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".x * floor((gl_InstanceID % int(" GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".y)) / " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".x), -floor((gl_InstanceID % int(" GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".y)) / " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".x));\n"
+		"	vec2 temp = ((position + vec2(-0.5, 0.5)) * scale + cell_position + vec2(-0.5, 0.5)) * " GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME ".zw * 2 + vec2(-1, 1);\n"
 		"	gl_Position = vec4(scaled_offset.x + temp.x, scaled_offset.y - temp.y, 0, 1);\n"
 		"}";
 
@@ -91,25 +97,30 @@ namespace
 		"in VS_OUT {\n"
 		"	flat int sprite;\n"
 		"	flat int layer;\n"
+		"	flat vec4 layer_color;\n"
 		"	vec2 texcoord;\n"
 		"} gs_in[];\n"
 		"flat out int sprite;\n"
+		"flat out vec4 layer_color;\n"
 		"out vec2 texcoord;\n"
 		"void main()\n"
 		"{\n"
 		"	gl_Layer = gs_in[0].layer;\n"
 		"	gl_Position = gl_in[0].gl_Position;\n"
 		"	sprite = gs_in[0].sprite;\n"
+		"	layer_color = gs_in[0].layer_color;\n"
 		"	texcoord = gs_in[0].texcoord;\n"
 		"	EmitVertex();\n"
 		"	gl_Layer = gs_in[1].layer;\n"
 		"	gl_Position = gl_in[1].gl_Position;\n"
 		"	sprite = gs_in[1].sprite;\n"
+		"	layer_color = gs_in[1].layer_color;\n"
 		"	texcoord = gs_in[1].texcoord;\n"
 		"	EmitVertex();\n"
 		"	gl_Layer = gs_in[2].layer;\n"
 		"	gl_Position = gl_in[2].gl_Position;\n"
 		"	sprite = gs_in[2].sprite;\n"
+		"	layer_color = gs_in[2].layer_color;\n"
 		"	texcoord = gs_in[2].texcoord;\n"
 		"	EmitVertex();\n"
 		"	EndPrimitive();\n"
@@ -119,13 +130,14 @@ namespace
 
 	constexpr char FRAGMENT_SHADER_SOURCE[] =
 		"#version 450 core\n"
-		"in vec2 texcoord;\n"
 		"flat in int sprite;\n"
-		"layout (binding = 0) uniform sampler2DArray " SPRITES_UNIFORM_NAME ";\n"
+		"flat vec4 layer_color;\n"
+		"in vec2 texcoord;\n"
+		"layout (binding = 2) uniform sampler2D " SPRITES_UNIFORM_NAME ";\n"
 		"out vec4 FragColor;\n"
 		"void main()\n"
 		"{\n"
-		"	FragColor = texture(" SPRITES_UNIFORM_NAME ", vec3(texcoord, sprite));\n"
+		"	FragColor = layer_color * texture(" SPRITES_UNIFORM_NAME ", texcoord);\n"
 		"}";
 
 	// note: AMD_vertex_shader_layer support required
@@ -133,13 +145,14 @@ namespace
 		"#version 450 core\n"
 		"in VS_OUT {\n"
 		"	flat int sprite;\n"
+		"	flat vec4 layer_color;\n"
 		"	vec2 texcoord;\n"
 		"} fs_in;\n"
-		"layout (binding = 0) uniform sampler2DArray " SPRITES_UNIFORM_NAME ";\n"
+		"layout (binding = 2) uniform sampler2D " SPRITES_UNIFORM_NAME ";\n"
 		"out vec4 FragColor;\n"
 		"void main()\n"
 		"{\n"
-		"	FragColor = texture(" SPRITES_UNIFORM_NAME ", vec3(fs_in.texcoord, fs_in.sprite));\n"
+		"	FragColor = fs_in.layer_color * texture(" SPRITES_UNIFORM_NAME ", fs_in.texcoord);\n"
 		"}";
 
 	constexpr const char* FRAGMENT_SHADER_SOURCE_PTR = FRAGMENT_SHADER_SOURCE;
@@ -161,10 +174,6 @@ namespace
 		"#version 450 core\n"
 		"in vec2 texcoord;\n"
 		"layout (binding = 1) uniform sampler2DArray " LAYERS_UNIFORM_NAME ";\n"
-		"layout (std430, binding = 1) buffer LayerColors"
-		"{\n"
-		"	vec4 colors[];\n"
-		"} lcs;\n"
 		"uniform int " LAYER_COUNT_UNIFORM_NAME ";\n"
 		"out vec4 FragColor;\n"
 		"void main()\n"
@@ -172,7 +181,7 @@ namespace
 		"	vec3 current_color = vec3(0);\n"
 		"	for (int i = 0; i < " LAYER_COUNT_UNIFORM_NAME "; i++)\n"
 		"	{\n"
-		"		vec4 texsample = lcs.colors[i] * texture(" LAYERS_UNIFORM_NAME ", vec3(texcoord, i));\n"
+		"		vec4 texsample = texture(" LAYERS_UNIFORM_NAME ", vec3(texcoord, i));\n"
 		"		current_color = mix(current_color, texsample.rgb, texsample.a);\n"
 		"	}\n"
 		"	FragColor = vec4(current_color, 1);\n"
@@ -183,13 +192,18 @@ namespace
 
 namespace glerminal
 {
-	glerminal::glerminal(glerminal_init_cb init, glerminal_main_cb main) :
+	glerminal::glerminal(glerminal_init_params params) :
-		m_main(main),
+		m_main(params.main),
+		m_keypressed(params.keypress),
+		m_keyreleased(params.keyrelease),
+		m_mousemoved(params.moved),
+		m_mousepressed(params.mousepress),
+		m_mousereleased(params.mouserelease),
 		m_cells{ },
 		m_offsets{ },
 		m_sprites{ },
-		m_layer_colors{ },
+		m_colors{ },
-		m_layer_scales{ }
+		m_scales{ }
 #ifdef GLERMINAL_OPENGL_DEBUG_CONTEXT
 		, m_log("log.txt")
 #endif
@@ -200,7 +214,7 @@ namespace glerminal
 		}
 
 		// unsure if this should be an error
-		if (!init)
+		if (!params.init)
 		{
 			throw std::runtime_error("No init callback provided.");
 		}
@@ -210,22 +224,24 @@ namespace glerminal
 			throw std::runtime_error("No main callback provided.");
 		}
 
-		for (int i = 0; i < LAYER_COUNT; i++)
+		for (int i = 0; i < GRID_AREA_2 * LAYER_COUNT; i++)
 		{
-			m_layer_colors[i * 4 + 0] = m_layer_colors[i * 4 + 1] = m_layer_colors[i * 4 + 2] = m_layer_colors[i * 4 + 3] = 1;
+			m_colors[i * 4 + 0] = m_colors[i * 4 + 1] = m_colors[i * 4 + 2] = m_colors[i * 4 + 3] = 255;
-			m_layer_scales[i] = 1;
+			m_scales[i] = 1;
 		}
 
 		init_glfw();
 		init_gl();
+		init_audio();
 
 		GLERMINAL_G = this;
 
-		init();
+		params.init();
 	}
 
 	glerminal::~glerminal()
 	{
+		deinit_audio();
 		deinit_gl();
 		deinit_glfw();
 
@@ -234,12 +250,12 @@ namespace glerminal
 
 	void glerminal::run()
 	{
-		float last = glfwGetTime();
+		double last = glfwGetTime();
 		while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(m_window))
 		{
 			glfwPollEvents();
 
-			const float current = glfwGetTime();
+			const double current = glfwGetTime();
 
 			m_main(current - last);
 
@@ -254,17 +270,17 @@ namespace glerminal
 
 	void glerminal::flush()
 	{
-		glNamedBufferData(m_sprites_instance_vbo, sizeof(m_cells), m_cells, GL_STREAM_DRAW);
+		glNamedBufferSubData(m_sprites_instance_vbo, 0, sizeof(m_cells), m_cells);
-		glNamedBufferData(m_offsets_instance_vbo, sizeof(m_offsets), m_offsets, GL_STREAM_DRAW);
+		glNamedBufferSubData(m_offsets_instance_vbo, 0, sizeof(m_offsets), m_offsets);
 		update_sprites();
-		update_layer_colors();
+		update_colors();
-		update_layer_scales();
+		update_scales();
 
 		glUseProgram(m_program);
 		glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, m_framebuffer);
 		glBindVertexArray(m_vao);
 		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
-		glDrawArraysInstanced(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6, GRID_AREA * LAYER_COUNT);
+		glDrawArraysInstanced(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6, GRID_AREA_2 * LAYER_COUNT);
 
 		glUseProgram(m_screen_program);
 		glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, m_screen_framebuffer);
@@ -272,24 +288,25 @@ namespace glerminal
 		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
 		glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6);
 
+    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
+    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
 		glBlitNamedFramebuffer(m_screen_framebuffer, 0, 0, 0, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, 0, 0, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT, GL_NEAREST);
-
 		glfwSwapBuffers(m_window);
 	}
 
-	void glerminal::set(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, unsigned char layer, unsigned char sprite)
+	void glerminal::set(int x, int y, int layer, unsigned short sprite)
 	{
-		if (x < GRID_WIDTH && y < GRID_HEIGHT && layer < LAYER_COUNT)
+		if (x >= 0 && x < GRID_WIDTH + 2 && y >= 0 && y < GRID_HEIGHT + 2 && layer >= 0 && layer < LAYER_COUNT)
 		{
-			m_cells[x + y * GRID_WIDTH + layer * GRID_AREA] = sprite;
+			m_cells[x + y * (GRID_WIDTH + 2) + layer * GRID_AREA_2] = sprite;
 		}
 	}
 
-	unsigned char glerminal::get(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, unsigned char layer) const
+	unsigned short glerminal::get(int x, int y, int layer) const
 	{
-		if (x < GRID_WIDTH && y < GRID_HEIGHT && layer < LAYER_COUNT)
+		if (x >= 0 && x < GRID_WIDTH + 2 && y >= 0 && y < GRID_HEIGHT + 2 && layer >= 0 && layer < LAYER_COUNT)
 		{
-			return m_cells[x + y * GRID_WIDTH + layer * GRID_AREA];
+			return m_cells[x + y * (GRID_WIDTH + 2) + layer * GRID_AREA_2];
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -297,50 +314,93 @@ namespace glerminal
 		}
 	}
 
-	void glerminal::offset(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, unsigned char layer, float x_offset, float y_offset)
+	void glerminal::offset(int x, int y, int layer, float x_offset, float y_offset)
 	{
-		if (x < GRID_WIDTH && y < GRID_HEIGHT && layer < LAYER_COUNT)
+		if (x >= 0 && x < GRID_WIDTH + 2 && y >= 0 && y < GRID_HEIGHT + 2 && layer >= 0 && layer < LAYER_COUNT)
 		{
-			m_offsets[2 * (x + y * GRID_WIDTH + layer * GRID_AREA) + 0] = x_offset;
+			m_offsets[2 * (x + y * (GRID_WIDTH + 2) + layer * GRID_AREA_2) + 0] = x_offset;
-			m_offsets[2 * (x + y * GRID_WIDTH + layer * GRID_AREA) + 1] = y_offset;
+			m_offsets[2 * (x + y * (GRID_WIDTH + 2) + layer * GRID_AREA_2) + 1] = y_offset;
 		}
 	}
 
-	void glerminal::layer_color(unsigned char layer, unsigned int color)
+	void glerminal::color(int x, int y, int layer, unsigned int color)
 	{
-		m_layer_colors[layer * 4 + 0] = ((color >>  0) & 0xFF) / 255.0f;
+		if (x >= 0 && x < GRID_WIDTH + 2 && y >= 0 && y < GRID_HEIGHT + 2 && layer >= 0 && layer < LAYER_COUNT)
-		m_layer_colors[layer * 4 + 1] = ((color >>  8) & 0xFF) / 255.0f;
+		{
-		m_layer_colors[layer * 4 + 2] = ((color >> 16) & 0xFF) / 255.0f;
+			m_colors[4 * (x + y * (GRID_WIDTH + 2) + layer * GRID_AREA_2) + 0] = (color >>  0) & 0xFF;
-		m_layer_colors[layer * 4 + 3] = ((color >> 24) & 0xFF) / 255.0f;
+			m_colors[4 * (x + y * (GRID_WIDTH + 2) + layer * GRID_AREA_2) + 1] = (color >>  8) & 0xFF;
+			m_colors[4 * (x + y * (GRID_WIDTH + 2) + layer * GRID_AREA_2) + 2] = (color >> 16) & 0xFF;
+			m_colors[4 * (x + y * (GRID_WIDTH + 2) + layer * GRID_AREA_2) + 3] = (color >> 24) & 0xFF;
+		}
 	}
 
-	void glerminal::layer_scale(unsigned char layer, float scale)
+	void glerminal::scale(int x, int y, int layer, float scale)
 	{
-		m_layer_scales[layer] = scale;
+		if (x >= 0 && x < GRID_WIDTH + 2 && y >= 0 && y < GRID_HEIGHT + 2 && layer >= 0 && layer < LAYER_COUNT)
+		{
+			m_scales[x + y * (GRID_WIDTH + 2) + layer * GRID_AREA_2] = scale;
+		}
 	}
 
 	void glerminal::load_atlas(unsigned char w, unsigned char h, const unsigned int* data)
 	{
-		// each row of the atlas
+		for (int src_atlas_row = 0; src_atlas_row < h; src_atlas_row++)
-		for (int j = 0; j < h; j++)
 		{
-			// each column of the atlas
+			for (int src_atlas_col = 0; src_atlas_col < w; src_atlas_col++)
-			for (int i = 0; i < w; i++)
 			{
-				// each row of the individual sprite
+				for (int sprite_row = 0; sprite_row < CELL_SIZE; sprite_row++)
-				for (int k = 0; k < CELL_SIZE; k++)
 				{
-					// offset from base address in atlas layout
+					const unsigned int sprite_index = src_atlas_col + src_atlas_row * w;
-					const unsigned int src_offset = i + k * w + j * w * CELL_SIZE;
+					const unsigned int dst_atlas_row = sprite_index / MAX_SPRITES_ROW;
-					// offset from base address in array layout
+					const unsigned int dst_atlas_col = sprite_index % MAX_SPRITES_ROW;
-					const unsigned int dst_offset = k + i * CELL_SIZE + j * w * CELL_SIZE;
 
-					memcpy(m_sprites + CELL_SIZE * dst_offset, data + CELL_SIZE * src_offset, CELL_SIZE * sizeof(unsigned int));
+					// offset from base address in source atlas layout
+					const unsigned int src_offset = CELL_SIZE * (src_atlas_col + sprite_row * w + src_atlas_row * w * CELL_SIZE);
+
+					const unsigned int dst_column = dst_atlas_col * (CELL_SIZE + 2) + 1;
+					const unsigned int dst_row = MAX_SPRITES_ROW * (CELL_SIZE + 2) * ((sprite_row + 1) + dst_atlas_row * (CELL_SIZE + 2));
+					// offset from base address in glerminal atlas layout
+					const unsigned int dst_offset = dst_column + dst_row;
+
+					memcpy(m_sprites + dst_offset, data + src_offset, CELL_SIZE * sizeof(unsigned int));
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
+	bool glerminal::load_sound(const char* name)
+	{
+		if (m_sounds.find(name) == m_sounds.end())
+		{
+			ma_sound& ref = m_sounds[name];
+			const ma_result result = ma_sound_init_from_file(
+				&m_audio_engine,
+				name,
+				MA_SOUND_FLAG_DECODE | MA_SOUND_FLAG_NO_SPATIALIZATION,
+				nullptr,
+				nullptr,
+				&ref
+			);
+
+			if (result != MA_SUCCESS)
+			{
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	void glerminal::play_sound(const char* name)
+	{
+		load_sound(name);
+		const ma_result result = ma_engine_play_sound(&m_audio_engine, name, nullptr);
+		if (result != MA_SUCCESS)
+		{
+
+		}
+	}
+
 	void glerminal::init_glfw()
 	{
 		glfwInit();
@@ -364,6 +424,11 @@ namespace glerminal
 		{
 			throw std::runtime_error("Failed to create glerminal window.");
 		}
+
+		glfwSetWindowUserPointer(m_window, this);
+		glfwSetKeyCallback(m_window, glfw_key_handler);
+		glfwSetCursorPosCallback(m_window, glfw_mousemoved_handler);
+		glfwSetMouseButtonCallback(m_window, glfw_mousepress_handler);
 	}
 	
 	void glerminal::log(GLenum type, GLuint id, GLenum severity, const char* message) const
@@ -376,7 +441,6 @@ namespace glerminal
 	void glerminal::init_gl()
 	{
 		glfwMakeContextCurrent(m_window);
-		glfwSwapInterval(1);
 
 		if (!gladLoadGLLoader(reinterpret_cast<GLADloadproc>(glfwGetProcAddress)))
 		{
@@ -451,8 +515,8 @@ namespace glerminal
 		glGenBuffers(1, &m_vbo);
 		glGenBuffers(1, &m_sprites_instance_vbo);
 		glGenBuffers(1, &m_offsets_instance_vbo);
-		glGenBuffers(1, &m_layer_colors_buffer);
+		glGenBuffers(1, &m_colors_instance_vbo);
-		glGenBuffers(1, &m_layer_scales_buffer);
+		glGenBuffers(1, &m_scales_instance_vbo);
 
 		// create vertex array object
 		glGenVertexArrays(1, &m_vao);
@@ -460,23 +524,35 @@ namespace glerminal
 
 		// set up static vertex attributes
 		glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_vbo);
-		glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(VBO_VERTICES), VBO_VERTICES, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+		glBufferStorage(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(VBO_VERTICES), VBO_VERTICES, GL_NONE);
 		glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
 		glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 2 * sizeof(*VBO_VERTICES), reinterpret_cast<void*>(0));
 
 		// set up instanced vertex attributes
 		glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_offsets_instance_vbo);
-		glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(m_offsets), m_offsets, GL_STREAM_DRAW);
+		glBufferStorage(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(m_offsets), m_offsets, GL_DYNAMIC_STORAGE_BIT);
 		glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
 		glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 2 * sizeof(*m_offsets), reinterpret_cast<void*>(0));
 		glVertexAttribDivisor(1, 1);
 
 		glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_sprites_instance_vbo);
-		glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(m_cells), m_cells, GL_STREAM_DRAW);
+		glBufferStorage(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(m_cells), m_cells, GL_DYNAMIC_STORAGE_BIT);
 		glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
-		glVertexAttribIPointer(2, 1, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 1 * sizeof(*m_cells), reinterpret_cast<void*>(0));
+		glVertexAttribIPointer(2, 1, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 1 * sizeof(*m_cells), reinterpret_cast<void*>(0));
 		glVertexAttribDivisor(2, 1);
 
+		glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_colors_instance_vbo);
+		glBufferStorage(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(m_colors), m_colors, GL_DYNAMIC_STORAGE_BIT);
+		glEnableVertexAttribArray(3);
+		glVertexAttribPointer(3, 4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL_TRUE, 4 * sizeof(*m_colors), reinterpret_cast<void*>(0));
+		glVertexAttribDivisor(3, 1);
+
+		glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_scales_instance_vbo);
+		glBufferStorage(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(m_scales), m_scales, GL_DYNAMIC_STORAGE_BIT);
+		glEnableVertexAttribArray(4);
+		glVertexAttribPointer(4, 1, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 1 * sizeof(*m_scales), reinterpret_cast<void*>(0));
+		glVertexAttribDivisor(4, 1);
+
 		// set up static vertex attributes
 		glGenVertexArrays(1, &m_screen_vao);
 		glBindVertexArray(m_screen_vao);
@@ -487,14 +563,6 @@ namespace glerminal
 
 		glBindVertexArray(0);
 
-		glBindBuffer(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, m_layer_scales_buffer);
-		glBufferData(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, sizeof(m_layer_scales), m_layer_scales, GL_DYNAMIC_READ);
-		glBindBufferBase(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, 0, m_layer_scales_buffer);
-
-		glBindBuffer(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, m_layer_colors_buffer);
-		glBufferData(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, sizeof(m_layer_colors), m_layer_colors, GL_DYNAMIC_READ);
-		glBindBufferBase(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, 1, m_layer_colors_buffer);
-
 		// -- setup shader program --
 		// test for features
 		const bool vertex_shader_layer_supported =
@@ -527,8 +595,8 @@ namespace glerminal
 			glDeleteShader(geometry_shader);
 			glDeleteShader(fragment_shader);
 
-			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 0, 0, "Could not compile vertex shader.");
+			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 0, GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_HIGH, "Could not compile vertex shader.");
-			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 0, 0, info_log);
+			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 0, GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_HIGH, info_log);
 			throw std::runtime_error("Could not compile vertex shader.");
 		}
 
@@ -541,8 +609,8 @@ namespace glerminal
 			glDeleteShader(geometry_shader);
 			glDeleteShader(fragment_shader);
 
-			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 1, 0, "Could not compile geometry shader.");
+			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 1, GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_HIGH, "Could not compile geometry shader.");
-			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 1, 0, info_log);
+			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 1, GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_HIGH, info_log);
 			throw std::runtime_error("Could not compile geometry shader.");
 		}
 
@@ -555,8 +623,8 @@ namespace glerminal
 			glDeleteShader(geometry_shader);
 			glDeleteShader(fragment_shader);
 
-			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 2, 0, "Could not compile fragment shader.");
+			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 2, GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_HIGH, "Could not compile fragment shader.");
-			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 2, 0, info_log);
+			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 2, GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_HIGH, info_log);
 			throw std::runtime_error("Could not compile fragment shader.");
 		}
 
@@ -582,16 +650,16 @@ namespace glerminal
 
 			glDeleteProgram(m_program);
 
-			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 3, 0, "Could not link shader program.");
+			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 3, GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_HIGH, "Could not link shader program.");
-			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 3, 0, info_log);
+			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 3, GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_HIGH, info_log);
 			throw std::runtime_error("Could not link shader program.");
 		}
 
 		// setup uniforms
-		m_screen_size_uniform_location = glGetUniformLocation(m_program, GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME);
-
 		glUseProgram(m_program);
-		glUniform4f(m_screen_size_uniform_location, GRID_WIDTH, GRID_AREA, 1.0f / GRID_WIDTH, 1.0f / GRID_HEIGHT);
+		glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(m_program, CELL_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME), CELL_SIZE);
+		glUniform4f(glGetUniformLocation(m_program, GRID_SIZE_UNIFORM_NAME), GRID_WIDTH + 2, GRID_AREA_2, 1.0f / GRID_WIDTH, 1.0f / GRID_HEIGHT);
+		glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(m_program, ATLAS_WIDTH_UNIFORM_NAME), MAX_SPRITES_ROW);
 
 		// compile
 		const unsigned int screen_vertex_shader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
@@ -611,8 +679,8 @@ namespace glerminal
 			glDeleteShader(screen_vertex_shader);
 			glDeleteShader(screen_fragment_shader);
 
-			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 4, 0, "Could not compile screen vertex shader.");
+			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 4, GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_HIGH, "Could not compile screen vertex shader.");
-			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 4, 0, info_log);
+			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 4, GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_HIGH, info_log);
 			throw std::runtime_error("Could not compile screen vertex shader.");
 		}
 
@@ -624,8 +692,8 @@ namespace glerminal
 			glDeleteShader(screen_vertex_shader);
 			glDeleteShader(screen_fragment_shader);
 
-			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 5, 0, "Could not compile screen fragment shader.");
+			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 5, GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_HIGH, "Could not compile screen fragment shader.");
-			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 5, 0, info_log);
+			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 5, GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_HIGH, info_log);
 			throw std::runtime_error("Could not compile screen fragment shader.");
 		}
 
@@ -643,8 +711,8 @@ namespace glerminal
 		{
 			glDeleteProgram(m_screen_program);
 
-			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 6, 0, "Could not link screen shader program.");
+			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 6, GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_HIGH, "Could not link screen shader program.");
-			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 6, 0, info_log);
+			log(GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR, 6, GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_HIGH, info_log);
 			throw std::runtime_error("Could not link screen shader program.");
 		}
 
@@ -655,20 +723,22 @@ namespace glerminal
 
 		// -- setup textures --
 		glGenTextures(1, &m_sprites_texture);
-		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, m_sprites_texture);
+		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_sprites_texture);
 
-		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
-		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
 
-		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
+		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
-		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
+		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
 
-		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, GL_TEXTURE_BASE_LEVEL, 0);
+		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_BASE_LEVEL, 0);
-		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LEVEL, 0);
+		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LEVEL, 0);
+
+		glTextureStorage2D(m_sprites_texture, 1, GL_RGBA8, MAX_SPRITES_ROW * (CELL_SIZE + 2), MAX_SPRITES_ROW * (CELL_SIZE + 2));
 
 		update_sprites();
 
-		glBindTextureUnit(0, m_sprites_texture);
+		glBindTextureUnit(2, m_sprites_texture);
 
 		// -- setup framebuffer --
 		glGenFramebuffers(1, &m_framebuffer);
@@ -711,6 +781,18 @@ namespace glerminal
 		glFramebufferTexture(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, m_screen_framebuffer_backing_texture, 0);
 	}
 
+	void glerminal::init_audio()
+	{
+		const ma_result result = ma_engine_init(nullptr, &m_audio_engine);
+
+		if (result != MA_SUCCESS)
+		{
+			throw std::runtime_error("Failed to initialize audio engine");
+		}
+
+		ma_engine_set_volume(&m_audio_engine, 1);
+	}
+
 	void glerminal::deinit_glfw()
 	{
 		glfwDestroyWindow(m_window);
@@ -730,33 +812,82 @@ namespace glerminal
 		glDeleteBuffers(1, &m_vbo);
 		glDeleteBuffers(1, &m_sprites_instance_vbo);
 		glDeleteBuffers(1, &m_offsets_instance_vbo);
-		glDeleteBuffers(1, &m_layer_colors_buffer);
+		glDeleteBuffers(1, &m_colors_instance_vbo);
-		glDeleteBuffers(1, &m_layer_scales_buffer);
+		glDeleteBuffers(1, &m_scales_instance_vbo);
 		glDeleteProgram(m_program);
 	}
 
+	void glerminal::deinit_audio()
+	{
+		for (auto& elem : m_sounds)
+		{
+			ma_sound_uninit(&elem.second);
+		}
+		ma_engine_uninit(&m_audio_engine);
+	}
+
 	void glerminal::update_sprites()
 	{
-		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, m_sprites_texture);
+		glTextureSubImage2D(m_sprites_texture, 0, 0, 0, (CELL_SIZE + 2) * MAX_SPRITES_ROW, (CELL_SIZE + 2) * MAX_SPRITES_ROW, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, m_sprites);
-		glTexImage3D(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, 0, GL_RGBA8, CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE, 256, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, m_sprites);
 	}
 
-	void glerminal::update_layer_colors()
+	void glerminal::update_colors()
 	{
-		glNamedBufferData(m_layer_colors_buffer, sizeof(m_layer_colors), m_layer_colors, GL_DYNAMIC_READ);
+		glNamedBufferSubData(m_colors_instance_vbo, 0, sizeof(m_colors), m_colors);
 	}
 
-	void glerminal::update_layer_scales()
+	void glerminal::update_scales()
 	{
-		glNamedBufferData(m_layer_scales_buffer, sizeof(m_layer_scales), m_layer_scales, GL_DYNAMIC_READ);
+		glNamedBufferSubData(m_scales_instance_vbo, 0, sizeof(m_scales), m_scales);
+	}
+
+	void glerminal::glfw_key_handler(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mods)
+	{
+		const glerminal* const self = static_cast<glerminal*>(glfwGetWindowUserPointer(window));
+
+		if (self->m_keypressed && action == GLFW_PRESS)
+		{
+			self->m_keypressed(key);
+		}
+
+		if (self->m_keyreleased && action == GLFW_RELEASE)
+		{
+			self->m_keyreleased(key);
 		}
 	}
 
-void glerminal_run(glerminal_init_cb init, glerminal_main_cb main)
+	void glerminal::glfw_mousemoved_handler(GLFWwindow *window, double x, double y)
+	{
+		const glerminal* const self = static_cast<glerminal*>(glfwGetWindowUserPointer(window));
+
+		if (self->m_mousemoved) { self->m_mousemoved(x / (CELL_SIZE * CELL_SCALE), y / (CELL_SIZE * CELL_SCALE)); }
+	}
+
+	void glerminal::glfw_mousepress_handler(GLFWwindow *window, int button, int action, int mods)
+	{
+		const glerminal* const self = static_cast<glerminal*>(glfwGetWindowUserPointer(window));
+
+		double x, y;
+		glfwGetCursorPos(window, &x, &y);
+
+		if (self->m_mousepressed && action == GLFW_PRESS)
+		{
+			self->m_mousepressed(button, x / (CELL_SIZE * CELL_SCALE), y / (CELL_SIZE * CELL_SCALE));
+		}
+
+		if (self->m_mousereleased && action == GLFW_RELEASE)
+		{
+			self->m_mousereleased(button, x / (CELL_SIZE * CELL_SCALE), y / (CELL_SIZE * CELL_SCALE));
+		}
+	}
+
+}
+
+void glerminal_run(glerminal_init_params params)
 {
 	try
 	{
-		glerminal::glerminal* g = new glerminal::glerminal(init, main);
+		glerminal::glerminal* g = new glerminal::glerminal(params);
 		g->run();
 		delete g;
 	}
@@ -780,39 +911,39 @@ void glerminal_flush()
 	GLERMINAL_G->flush();
 }
 
-void glerminal_set(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, unsigned char layer, unsigned char sprite)
+void glerminal_set(int x, int y, int layer, unsigned short sprite)
 {
 	if (!GLERMINAL_G) { return; }
 
-	GLERMINAL_G->set(x, y, layer, sprite);
+	GLERMINAL_G->set(x + 1, y + 1, layer, sprite);
 }
 
-unsigned char glerminal_get(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, unsigned char layer)
+unsigned short glerminal_get(int x, int y, int layer)
 {
 	if (!GLERMINAL_G) { return 0; }
 
-	return GLERMINAL_G->get(x, y, layer);
+	return GLERMINAL_G->get(x + 1, y + 1, layer);
 }
 
-void glerminal_offset(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, unsigned char layer, float x_offset, float y_offset)
+void glerminal_offset(int x, int y, int layer, float x_offset, float y_offset)
 {
 	if (!GLERMINAL_G) { return; }
 
-	GLERMINAL_G->offset(x, y, layer, x_offset, y_offset);
+	GLERMINAL_G->offset(x + 1, y + 1, layer, x_offset, y_offset);
 }
 
-void glerminal_layer_color(unsigned char layer, unsigned int color)
+void glerminal_color(int x, int y, int layer, unsigned int color)
 {
 	if (!GLERMINAL_G) { return; }
 
-	GLERMINAL_G->layer_color(layer, color);
+	GLERMINAL_G->color(x + 1, y + 1, layer, color);
 }
 
-void glerminal_layer_scale(unsigned char layer, float scale)
+void glerminal_scale(int x, int y, int layer, float scale)
 {
 	if (!GLERMINAL_G) { return; }
 
-	GLERMINAL_G->layer_scale(layer, scale);
+	GLERMINAL_G->scale(x + 1, y + 1, layer, scale);
 }
 
 int glerminal_load_sprites_file(const char* filename)
@@ -853,3 +984,10 @@ int glerminal_load_sprites_buffer(unsigned char width, unsigned char height, con
 		return false;
 	}
 }
+
+void glerminal_sound(const char* name)
+{
+	if (!GLERMINAL_G) { return; }
+
+	GLERMINAL_G->play_sound(name);
+}

source/miniaudio.c

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#ifndef GLERMINAL_MINIAUDIO_H
+#define GLERMINAL_MINIAUDIO_H
+
+#define MINIAUDIO_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "miniaudio.h"
+
+#endif//GLERMINAL_MINIAUDIO_H

tests/basic.cpp

@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@ namespace
 		glerminal_quit();
 	}
 
-	void mainloop(float) {}
+	void mainloop(double) {}
 }
 
 int main()
 {
-	glerminal_run(init, mainloop);
+	glerminal_run({init, mainloop});
 
 	return 0;
 }

tests/test-common/test-common.cpp

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace
 {
-	unsigned char pixels[(GRID_WIDTH * CELL_SCALE * 8) * (GRID_HEIGHT * CELL_SCALE * 8) * 3];
+	unsigned char pixels[(GRID_WIDTH * CELL_SIZE * CELL_SCALE) * (GRID_HEIGHT * CELL_SIZE * CELL_SCALE) * 3];
 }
 
 void glerminal_test_save_image()
@@ -21,5 +21,5 @@ void glerminal_test_save_image()
 	glGetTexImage(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixels);
 
 	stbi_flip_vertically_on_write(true);
-	stbi_write_png("image.png", GRID_WIDTH * CELL_SCALE * 8, GRID_HEIGHT * CELL_SCALE * 8, 3, pixels, GRID_WIDTH * CELL_SCALE * 8 * 3);
+	stbi_write_png("image.png", GRID_WIDTH * CELL_SIZE * CELL_SCALE, GRID_HEIGHT * CELL_SIZE * CELL_SCALE, 3, pixels, GRID_WIDTH * CELL_SIZE * CELL_SCALE * 3);
 }