core: Consolidate core and system state, remove system module & cleanups.

src/citra/citra.cpp

@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
 #include "core/gdbstub/gdbstub.h"
 #include "core/loader/loader.h"
 #include "core/settings.h"
-#include "core/system.h"
 #include "video_core/video_core.h"
 
 static void PrintHelp(const char* argv0) {
@@ -145,7 +144,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     }
 
     while (emu_window->IsOpen()) {
-        Core::RunLoop();
+        system.RunLoop();
     }
 
     return 0;

src/citra_qt/bootmanager.cpp

@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@
 #include "common/scm_rev.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
-#include "core/settings.h"
-#include "core/system.h"
 #include "video_core/debug_utils/debug_utils.h"
 #include "video_core/video_core.h"
 
@@ -38,7 +36,7 @@ void EmuThread::run() {
             if (!was_active)
                 emit DebugModeLeft();
 
-            Core::RunLoop();
+            Core::System::GetInstance().RunLoop();
 
             was_active = running || exec_step;
             if (!was_active && !stop_run)
@@ -48,7 +46,7 @@ void EmuThread::run() {
                 emit DebugModeLeft();
 
             exec_step = false;
-            Core::SingleStep();
+            Core::System::GetInstance().SingleStep();
             emit DebugModeEntered();
             yieldCurrentThread();
 

src/citra_qt/configure_general.cpp

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 
 #include "citra_qt/configure_general.h"
 #include "citra_qt/ui_settings.h"
+#include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/settings.h"
-#include "core/system.h"
 #include "ui_configure_general.h"
 
 ConfigureGeneral::ConfigureGeneral(QWidget* parent)

src/citra_qt/configure_graphics.cpp

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
 #include "citra_qt/configure_graphics.h"
+#include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/settings.h"
-#include "core/system.h"
 #include "ui_configure_graphics.h"
 
 ConfigureGraphics::ConfigureGraphics(QWidget* parent)

src/citra_qt/configure_system.cpp

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 #include "citra_qt/ui_settings.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/cfg/cfg.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/fs/archive.h"
-#include "core/system.h"
 #include "ui_configure_system.h"
 
 static const std::array<int, 12> days_in_month = {{

src/citra_qt/debugger/callstack.cpp

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ CallstackWidget::CallstackWidget(QWidget* parent) : QDockWidget(parent) {
 
 void CallstackWidget::OnDebugModeEntered() {
     // Stack pointer
-    const u32 sp = Core::g_app_core->GetReg(13);
+    const u32 sp = Core::AppCore().GetReg(13);
 
     Clear();
 

src/citra_qt/debugger/disassembler.cpp

@@ -185,13 +185,13 @@ DisassemblerWidget::DisassemblerWidget(QWidget* parent, EmuThread* emu_thread)
 }
 
 void DisassemblerWidget::Init() {
-    model->ParseFromAddress(Core::g_app_core->GetPC());
+    model->ParseFromAddress(Core::AppCore().GetPC());
 
     disasm_ui.treeView->resizeColumnToContents(0);
     disasm_ui.treeView->resizeColumnToContents(1);
     disasm_ui.treeView->resizeColumnToContents(2);
 
-    QModelIndex model_index = model->IndexFromAbsoluteAddress(Core::g_app_core->GetPC());
+    QModelIndex model_index = model->IndexFromAbsoluteAddress(Core::AppCore().GetPC());
     disasm_ui.treeView->scrollTo(model_index);
     disasm_ui.treeView->selectionModel()->setCurrentIndex(
         model_index, QItemSelectionModel::SelectCurrent | QItemSelectionModel::Rows);
@@ -214,8 +214,8 @@ void DisassemblerWidget::OnPause() {
     emu_thread->SetRunning(false);
 
     // TODO: By now, the CPU might not have actually stopped...
-    if (Core::g_app_core) {
+    if (Core::System::GetInstance().IsPoweredOn()) {
-        model->SetNextInstruction(Core::g_app_core->GetPC());
+        model->SetNextInstruction(Core::AppCore().GetPC());
     }
 }
 
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ void DisassemblerWidget::OnToggleStartStop() {
 }
 
 void DisassemblerWidget::OnDebugModeEntered() {
-    u32 next_instr = Core::g_app_core->GetPC();
+    u32 next_instr = Core::AppCore().GetPC();
 
     if (model->GetBreakPoints().IsAddressBreakPoint(next_instr))
         emu_thread->SetRunning(false);

src/citra_qt/debugger/registers.cpp

@@ -58,16 +58,16 @@ RegistersWidget::RegistersWidget(QWidget* parent) : QDockWidget(parent) {
 }
 
 void RegistersWidget::OnDebugModeEntered() {
-    if (!Core::g_app_core)
+    if (!Core::System::GetInstance().IsPoweredOn())
         return;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < core_registers->childCount(); ++i)
         core_registers->child(i)->setText(
-            1, QString("0x%1").arg(Core::g_app_core->GetReg(i), 8, 16, QLatin1Char('0')));
+            1, QString("0x%1").arg(Core::AppCore().GetReg(i), 8, 16, QLatin1Char('0')));
 
     for (int i = 0; i < vfp_registers->childCount(); ++i)
         vfp_registers->child(i)->setText(
-            1, QString("0x%1").arg(Core::g_app_core->GetVFPReg(i), 8, 16, QLatin1Char('0')));
+            1, QString("0x%1").arg(Core::AppCore().GetVFPReg(i), 8, 16, QLatin1Char('0')));
 
     UpdateCPSRValues();
     UpdateVFPSystemRegisterValues();
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ void RegistersWidget::CreateCPSRChildren() {
 }
 
 void RegistersWidget::UpdateCPSRValues() {
-    const u32 cpsr_val = Core::g_app_core->GetCPSR();
+    const u32 cpsr_val = Core::AppCore().GetCPSR();
 
     cpsr->setText(1, QString("0x%1").arg(cpsr_val, 8, 16, QLatin1Char('0')));
     cpsr->child(0)->setText(
@@ -191,10 +191,10 @@ void RegistersWidget::CreateVFPSystemRegisterChildren() {
 }
 
 void RegistersWidget::UpdateVFPSystemRegisterValues() {
-    const u32 fpscr_val = Core::g_app_core->GetVFPSystemReg(VFP_FPSCR);
+    const u32 fpscr_val = Core::AppCore().GetVFPSystemReg(VFP_FPSCR);
-    const u32 fpexc_val = Core::g_app_core->GetVFPSystemReg(VFP_FPEXC);
+    const u32 fpexc_val = Core::AppCore().GetVFPSystemReg(VFP_FPEXC);
-    const u32 fpinst_val = Core::g_app_core->GetVFPSystemReg(VFP_FPINST);
+    const u32 fpinst_val = Core::AppCore().GetVFPSystemReg(VFP_FPINST);
-    const u32 fpinst2_val = Core::g_app_core->GetVFPSystemReg(VFP_FPINST2);
+    const u32 fpinst2_val = Core::AppCore().GetVFPSystemReg(VFP_FPINST2);
 
     QTreeWidgetItem* const fpscr = vfp_system_registers->child(0);
     fpscr->setText(1, QString("0x%1").arg(fpscr_val, 8, 16, QLatin1Char('0')));

src/citra_qt/debugger/wait_tree.cpp

@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ WaitTreeWidget::WaitTreeWidget(QWidget* parent) : QDockWidget(tr("Wait Tree"), p
 }
 
 void WaitTreeWidget::OnDebugModeEntered() {
-    if (!Core::g_app_core)
+    if (!Core::System::GetInstance().IsPoweredOn())
         return;
     model->InitItems();
     view->setModel(model);

src/citra_qt/main.cpp

@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@
 #include "core/gdbstub/gdbstub.h"
 #include "core/loader/loader.h"
 #include "core/settings.h"
-#include "core/system.h"
 #include "qhexedit.h"
 #include "video_core/video_core.h"
 

src/core/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -155,7 +155,6 @@ set(SRCS
             tracer/recorder.cpp
             memory.cpp
             settings.cpp
-            system.cpp
             )
 
 set(HEADERS
@@ -325,7 +324,6 @@ set(HEADERS
             memory_setup.h
             mmio.h
             settings.h
-            system.h
             )
 
 include_directories(../../externals/dynarmic/include)

src/core/core.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
 #include <memory>
+
+#include "audio_core/audio_core.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "core/arm/arm_interface.h"
 #include "core/arm/dynarmic/arm_dynarmic.h"
@@ -11,17 +13,23 @@
 #include "core/core_timing.h"
 #include "core/gdbstub/gdbstub.h"
 #include "core/hle/hle.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/memory.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/thread.h"
 #include "core/hw/hw.h"
+#include "core/loader/loader.h"
 #include "core/settings.h"
+#include "video_core/video_core.h"
 
 namespace Core {
 
-std::unique_ptr<ARM_Interface> g_app_core; ///< ARM11 application core
+/*static*/ System System::s_instance;
-std::unique_ptr<ARM_Interface> g_sys_core; ///< ARM11 system (OS) core
+
+System::ResultStatus System::RunLoop(int tight_loop) {
+    if (!app_core) {
+        return ResultStatus::ErrorNotInitialized;
+    }
 
-/// Run the core CPU loop
-void RunLoop(int tight_loop) {
     if (GDBStub::IsServerEnabled()) {
         GDBStub::HandlePacket();
 
@@ -32,7 +40,7 @@ void RunLoop(int tight_loop) {
                 GDBStub::SetCpuStepFlag(false);
                 tight_loop = 1;
             } else {
-                return;
+                return ResultStatus::Success;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -45,46 +53,100 @@ void RunLoop(int tight_loop) {
         CoreTiming::Advance();
         HLE::Reschedule(__func__);
     } else {
-        g_app_core->Run(tight_loop);
+        app_core->Run(tight_loop);
     }
 
     HW::Update();
     if (HLE::IsReschedulePending()) {
         Kernel::Reschedule();
     }
+
+    return ResultStatus::Success;
 }
 
-/// Step the CPU one instruction
+System::ResultStatus System::SingleStep() {
-void SingleStep() {
+    return RunLoop(1);
-    RunLoop(1);
 }
 
-/// Halt the core
+System::ResultStatus System::Load(EmuWindow* emu_window, const std::string& filepath) {
-void Halt(const char* msg) {
+    if (app_loader) {
-    // TODO(ShizZy): ImplementMe
+        app_loader.reset();
     }
 
-/// Kill the core
+    app_loader = Loader::GetLoader(filepath);
-void Stop() {
+
-    // TODO(ShizZy): ImplementMe
+    if (!app_loader) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Core, "Failed to obtain loader for %s!", filepath.c_str());
+        return ResultStatus::ErrorGetLoader;
     }
 
-/// Initialize the core
+    boost::optional<u32> system_mode{ app_loader->LoadKernelSystemMode() };
-void Init() {
+    if (!system_mode) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Core, "Failed to determine system mode!");
+        return ResultStatus::ErrorSystemMode;
+    }
+
+    ResultStatus init_result{ Init(emu_window, system_mode.get()) };
+    if (init_result != ResultStatus::Success) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Core, "Failed to initialize system (Error %i)!", init_result);
+        System::Shutdown();
+        return init_result;
+    }
+
+    const Loader::ResultStatus load_result{ app_loader->Load() };
+    if (Loader::ResultStatus::Success != load_result) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Core, "Failed to load ROM (Error %i)!", load_result);
+        System::Shutdown();
+
+        switch (load_result) {
+        case Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorEncrypted:
+            return ResultStatus::ErrorLoader_ErrorEncrypted;
+        case Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorInvalidFormat:
+            return ResultStatus::ErrorLoader_ErrorInvalidFormat;
+        default:
+            return ResultStatus::ErrorLoader;
+        }
+    }
+    return ResultStatus::Success;
+}
+
+System::ResultStatus System::Init(EmuWindow* emu_window, u32 system_mode) {
+    if (app_core) {
+        app_core.reset();
+    }
+
+    Memory::Init();
+
     if (Settings::values.use_cpu_jit) {
-        g_sys_core = std::make_unique<ARM_Dynarmic>(USER32MODE);
+        app_core = std::make_unique<ARM_Dynarmic>(USER32MODE);
-        g_app_core = std::make_unique<ARM_Dynarmic>(USER32MODE);
     } else {
-        g_sys_core = std::make_unique<ARM_DynCom>(USER32MODE);
+        app_core = std::make_unique<ARM_DynCom>(USER32MODE);
-        g_app_core = std::make_unique<ARM_DynCom>(USER32MODE);
+    }
+
+    CoreTiming::Init();
+    HW::Init();
+    Kernel::Init(system_mode);
+    HLE::Init();
+    AudioCore::Init();
+    GDBStub::Init();
+
+    if (!VideoCore::Init(emu_window)) {
+        return ResultStatus::ErrorVideoCore;
     }
 
     LOG_DEBUG(Core, "Initialized OK");
+
+    return ResultStatus::Success;
 }
 
-void Shutdown() {
+void System::Shutdown() {
-    g_app_core.reset();
+    GDBStub::Shutdown();
-    g_sys_core.reset();
+    AudioCore::Shutdown();
+    VideoCore::Shutdown();
+    HLE::Shutdown();
+    Kernel::Shutdown();
+    HW::Shutdown();
+    CoreTiming::Shutdown();
 
     LOG_DEBUG(Core, "Shutdown OK");
 }

src/core/core.h

@@ -5,11 +5,17 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <memory>
-#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include <string>
 
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "core/memory.h"
+
+class EmuWindow;
 class ARM_Interface;
 
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+namespace Loader {
+class AppLoader;
+}
 
 namespace Core {
 
@@ -24,10 +30,35 @@ struct ThreadContext {
     u32 fpexc;
 };
 
-extern std::unique_ptr<ARM_Interface> g_app_core; ///< ARM11 application core
+class System {
-extern std::unique_ptr<ARM_Interface> g_sys_core; ///< ARM11 system (OS) core
+public:
+    /**
+     * Gets the instance of the System singleton class.
+     * @returns Reference to the instance of the System singleton class.
+     */
+    static System& GetInstance() {
+        return s_instance;
+    }
 
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    /// Enumeration representing the return values of the System Initialize and Load process.
+    enum class ResultStatus : u32 {
+        Success, ///< Succeeded
+        ErrorNotInitialized, ///< Error trying to use core prior to initialization
+        ErrorGetLoader, ///< Error finding the correct application loader
+        ErrorSystemMode, ///< Error determining the system mode
+        ErrorLoader, ///< Error loading the specified application
+        ErrorLoader_ErrorEncrypted, ///< Error loading the specified application due to encryption
+        ErrorLoader_ErrorInvalidFormat, ///< Error loading the specified application due to an invalid format
+        ErrorVideoCore, ///< Error in the video core
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the emulated system.
+     * @param emu_window Pointer to the host-system window used for video output and keyboard input.
+     * @param system_mode The system mode.
+     * @return ResultStatus code, indicating if the operation succeeded.
+     */
+    ResultStatus Init(EmuWindow* emu_window, u32 system_mode);
 
     /// Start the core
     void Start();
@@ -39,22 +70,57 @@ void Start();
      * required to do a full dispatch with each instruction. NOTE: the number of instructions requested
      * is not guaranteed to run, as this will be interrupted preemptively if a hardware update is
      * requested (e.g. on a thread switch).
+     * @param tight_loop Number of instructions to execute.
+     * @return Result status, indicating whethor or not the operation succeeded.
      */
-void RunLoop(int tight_loop = 1000);
+    ResultStatus RunLoop(int tight_loop = 1000);
 
-/// Step the CPU one instruction
+    /**
-void SingleStep();
+     * Step the CPU one instruction
+     * @return Result status, indicating whethor or not the operation succeeded.
+     */
+    ResultStatus SingleStep();
 
-/// Halt the core
+    /// Shutdown the emulated system.
-void Halt(const char* msg);
-
-/// Kill the core
-void Stop();
-
-/// Initialize the core
-void Init();
-
-/// Shutdown the core
     void Shutdown();
 
-} // namespace
+    /**
+     * Load an executable application.
+     * @param emu_window Pointer to the host-system window used for video output and keyboard input.
+     * @param filepath String path to the executable application to load on the host file system.
+     * @returns ResultStatus code, indicating if the operation succeeded.
+     */
+    ResultStatus Load(EmuWindow* emu_window, const std::string& filepath);
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates if the emulated system is powered on (all subsystems initialized and able to run an
+     * application).
+     * @returns True if the emulated system is powered on, otherwise false.
+     */
+    bool IsPoweredOn() const {
+        return app_core != nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets a reference to the emulated AppCore CPU.
+     * @returns A reference to the emulated AppCore CPU.
+     */
+    ARM_Interface& AppCore() {
+        return *app_core;
+    }
+
+private:
+    /// AppLoader used to load the current executing application
+    std::unique_ptr<Loader::AppLoader> app_loader;
+
+    ///< ARM11 application core
+    std::unique_ptr<ARM_Interface> app_core;
+
+    static System s_instance;
+};
+
+static ARM_Interface& AppCore() {
+    return System::GetInstance().AppCore();
+}
+
+} // namespace Core

src/core/core_timing.cpp

@@ -130,7 +130,6 @@ int RegisterEvent(const char* name, TimedCallback callback) {
 
 static void AntiCrashCallback(u64 userdata, int cycles_late) {
     LOG_CRITICAL(Core_Timing, "Savestate broken: an unregistered event was called.");
-    Core::Halt("invalid timing events");
 }
 
 void RestoreRegisterEvent(int event_type, const char* name, TimedCallback callback) {
@@ -147,7 +146,7 @@ void UnregisterAllEvents() {
 }
 
 void Init() {
-    Core::g_app_core->down_count = INITIAL_SLICE_LENGTH;
+    Core::AppCore().down_count = INITIAL_SLICE_LENGTH;
     g_slice_length = INITIAL_SLICE_LENGTH;
     global_timer = 0;
     idled_cycles = 0;
@@ -187,7 +186,7 @@ void Shutdown() {
 }
 
 u64 GetTicks() {
-    return (u64)global_timer + g_slice_length - Core::g_app_core->down_count;
+    return (u64)global_timer + g_slice_length - Core::AppCore().down_count;
 }
 
 u64 GetIdleTicks() {
@@ -461,18 +460,18 @@ void MoveEvents() {
 }
 
 void ForceCheck() {
-    s64 cycles_executed = g_slice_length - Core::g_app_core->down_count;
+    s64 cycles_executed = g_slice_length - Core::AppCore().down_count;
     global_timer += cycles_executed;
     // This will cause us to check for new events immediately.
-    Core::g_app_core->down_count = 0;
+    Core::AppCore().down_count = 0;
     // But let's not eat a bunch more time in Advance() because of this.
     g_slice_length = 0;
 }
 
 void Advance() {
-    s64 cycles_executed = g_slice_length - Core::g_app_core->down_count;
+    s64 cycles_executed = g_slice_length - Core::AppCore().down_count;
     global_timer += cycles_executed;
-    Core::g_app_core->down_count = g_slice_length;
+    Core::AppCore().down_count = g_slice_length;
 
     if (has_ts_events)
         MoveEvents();
@@ -481,7 +480,7 @@ void Advance() {
     if (!first) {
         if (g_slice_length < 10000) {
             g_slice_length += 10000;
-            Core::g_app_core->down_count += g_slice_length;
+            Core::AppCore().down_count += g_slice_length;
         }
     } else {
         // Note that events can eat cycles as well.
@@ -491,7 +490,7 @@ void Advance() {
 
         const int diff = target - g_slice_length;
         g_slice_length += diff;
-        Core::g_app_core->down_count += diff;
+        Core::AppCore().down_count += diff;
     }
     if (advance_callback)
         advance_callback(static_cast<int>(cycles_executed));
@@ -507,12 +506,12 @@ void LogPendingEvents() {
 }
 
 void Idle(int max_idle) {
-    s64 cycles_down = Core::g_app_core->down_count;
+    s64 cycles_down = Core::AppCore().down_count;
     if (max_idle != 0 && cycles_down > max_idle)
         cycles_down = max_idle;
 
     if (first && cycles_down > 0) {
-        s64 cycles_executed = g_slice_length - Core::g_app_core->down_count;
+        s64 cycles_executed = g_slice_length - Core::AppCore().down_count;
         s64 cycles_next_event = first->time - global_timer;
 
         if (cycles_next_event < cycles_executed + cycles_down) {
@@ -527,9 +526,9 @@ void Idle(int max_idle) {
               cycles_down / (float)(g_clock_rate_arm11 * 0.001f));
 
     idled_cycles += cycles_down;
-    Core::g_app_core->down_count -= cycles_down;
+    Core::AppCore().down_count -= cycles_down;
-    if (Core::g_app_core->down_count == 0)
+    if (Core::AppCore().down_count == 0)
-        Core::g_app_core->down_count = -1;
+        Core::AppCore().down_count = -1;
 }
 
 std::string GetScheduledEventsSummary() {

src/core/gdbstub/gdbstub.cpp

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #endif
 
+#include "core/loader/loader.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 #include "core/arm/arm_interface.h"
@@ -450,8 +451,8 @@ static void SendSignal(u32 signal) {
     latest_signal = signal;
 
     std::string buffer = Common::StringFromFormat("T%02x%02x:%08x;%02x:%08x;", latest_signal, 15,
-                                                  htonl(Core::g_app_core->GetPC()), 13,
+                                                  htonl(Core::AppCore().GetPC()), 13,
-                                                  htonl(Core::g_app_core->GetReg(13)));
+                                                  htonl(Core::AppCore().GetReg(13)));
     LOG_DEBUG(Debug_GDBStub, "Response: %s", buffer.c_str());
     SendReply(buffer.c_str());
 }
@@ -538,15 +539,15 @@ static void ReadRegister() {
     }
 
     if (id <= R15_REGISTER) {
-        IntToGdbHex(reply, Core::g_app_core->GetReg(id));
+        IntToGdbHex(reply, Core::AppCore().GetReg(id));
     } else if (id == CPSR_REGISTER) {
-        IntToGdbHex(reply, Core::g_app_core->GetCPSR());
+        IntToGdbHex(reply, Core::AppCore().GetCPSR());
     } else if (id > CPSR_REGISTER && id < FPSCR_REGISTER) {
-        IntToGdbHex(reply, Core::g_app_core->GetVFPReg(
+        IntToGdbHex(reply, Core::AppCore().GetVFPReg(
                                id - CPSR_REGISTER -
                                1)); // VFP registers should start at 26, so one after CSPR_REGISTER
     } else if (id == FPSCR_REGISTER) {
-        IntToGdbHex(reply, Core::g_app_core->GetVFPSystemReg(VFP_FPSCR)); // Get FPSCR
+        IntToGdbHex(reply, Core::AppCore().GetVFPSystemReg(VFP_FPSCR)); // Get FPSCR
         IntToGdbHex(reply + 8, 0);
     } else {
         return SendReply("E01");
@@ -563,22 +564,22 @@ static void ReadRegisters() {
     u8* bufptr = buffer;
 
     for (int reg = 0; reg <= R15_REGISTER; reg++) {
-        IntToGdbHex(bufptr + reg * CHAR_BIT, Core::g_app_core->GetReg(reg));
+        IntToGdbHex(bufptr + reg * CHAR_BIT, Core::AppCore().GetReg(reg));
     }
 
     bufptr += (16 * CHAR_BIT);
 
-    IntToGdbHex(bufptr, Core::g_app_core->GetCPSR());
+    IntToGdbHex(bufptr, Core::AppCore().GetCPSR());
 
     bufptr += CHAR_BIT;
 
     for (int reg = 0; reg <= 31; reg++) {
-        IntToGdbHex(bufptr + reg * CHAR_BIT, Core::g_app_core->GetVFPReg(reg));
+        IntToGdbHex(bufptr + reg * CHAR_BIT, Core::AppCore().GetVFPReg(reg));
     }
 
     bufptr += (32 * CHAR_BIT);
 
-    IntToGdbHex(bufptr, Core::g_app_core->GetVFPSystemReg(VFP_FPSCR));
+    IntToGdbHex(bufptr, Core::AppCore().GetVFPSystemReg(VFP_FPSCR));
 
     SendReply(reinterpret_cast<char*>(buffer));
 }
@@ -595,13 +596,13 @@ static void WriteRegister() {
     }
 
     if (id <= R15_REGISTER) {
-        Core::g_app_core->SetReg(id, GdbHexToInt(buffer_ptr));
+        Core::AppCore().SetReg(id, GdbHexToInt(buffer_ptr));
     } else if (id == CPSR_REGISTER) {
-        Core::g_app_core->SetCPSR(GdbHexToInt(buffer_ptr));
+        Core::AppCore().SetCPSR(GdbHexToInt(buffer_ptr));
     } else if (id > CPSR_REGISTER && id < FPSCR_REGISTER) {
-        Core::g_app_core->SetVFPReg(id - CPSR_REGISTER - 1, GdbHexToInt(buffer_ptr));
+        Core::AppCore().SetVFPReg(id - CPSR_REGISTER - 1, GdbHexToInt(buffer_ptr));
     } else if (id == FPSCR_REGISTER) {
-        Core::g_app_core->SetVFPSystemReg(VFP_FPSCR, GdbHexToInt(buffer_ptr));
+        Core::AppCore().SetVFPSystemReg(VFP_FPSCR, GdbHexToInt(buffer_ptr));
     } else {
         return SendReply("E01");
     }
@@ -618,20 +619,20 @@ static void WriteRegisters() {
 
     for (int i = 0, reg = 0; reg <= FPSCR_REGISTER; i++, reg++) {
         if (reg <= R15_REGISTER) {
-            Core::g_app_core->SetReg(reg, GdbHexToInt(buffer_ptr + i * CHAR_BIT));
+            Core::AppCore().SetReg(reg, GdbHexToInt(buffer_ptr + i * CHAR_BIT));
         } else if (reg == CPSR_REGISTER) {
-            Core::g_app_core->SetCPSR(GdbHexToInt(buffer_ptr + i * CHAR_BIT));
+            Core::AppCore().SetCPSR(GdbHexToInt(buffer_ptr + i * CHAR_BIT));
         } else if (reg == CPSR_REGISTER - 1) {
             // Dummy FPA register, ignore
         } else if (reg < CPSR_REGISTER) {
             // Dummy FPA registers, ignore
             i += 2;
         } else if (reg > CPSR_REGISTER && reg < FPSCR_REGISTER) {
-            Core::g_app_core->SetVFPReg(reg - CPSR_REGISTER - 1,
+            Core::AppCore().SetVFPReg(reg - CPSR_REGISTER - 1,
                                         GdbHexToInt(buffer_ptr + i * CHAR_BIT));
             i++; // Skip padding
         } else if (reg == FPSCR_REGISTER) {
-            Core::g_app_core->SetVFPSystemReg(VFP_FPSCR, GdbHexToInt(buffer_ptr + i * CHAR_BIT));
+            Core::AppCore().SetVFPSystemReg(VFP_FPSCR, GdbHexToInt(buffer_ptr + i * CHAR_BIT));
         }
     }
 
@@ -908,7 +909,7 @@ void ToggleServer(bool status) {
         server_enabled = status;
 
         // Start server
-        if (!IsConnected() && Core::g_sys_core != nullptr) {
+        if (!IsConnected() && Core::System().GetInstance().IsPoweredOn()) {
             Init();
         }
     } else {

src/core/hle/function_wrappers.h

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 namespace HLE {
 
-#define PARAM(n) Core::g_app_core->GetReg(n)
+#define PARAM(n) Core::AppCore().GetReg(n)
 
 /// An invalid result code that is meant to be overwritten when a thread resumes from waiting
 static const ResultCode RESULT_INVALID(0xDEADC0DE);
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ static const ResultCode RESULT_INVALID(0xDEADC0DE);
  * @param res Result to return
  */
 static inline void FuncReturn(u32 res) {
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(0, res);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(0, res);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ static inline void FuncReturn(u32 res) {
  * @todo Verify that this function is correct
  */
 static inline void FuncReturn64(u64 res) {
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(0, (u32)(res & 0xFFFFFFFF));
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(0, (u32)(res & 0xFFFFFFFF));
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(1, (u32)((res >> 32) & 0xFFFFFFFF));
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(1, (u32)((res >> 32) & 0xFFFFFFFF));
 }
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ template <ResultCode func(u32*, u32, u32, u32, u32, u32)>
 void Wrap() {
     u32 param_1 = 0;
     u32 retval = func(&param_1, PARAM(0), PARAM(1), PARAM(2), PARAM(3), PARAM(4)).raw;
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(1, param_1);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(1, param_1);
     FuncReturn(retval);
 }
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ template <ResultCode func(u32*, s32, u32, u32, u32, s32)>
 void Wrap() {
     u32 param_1 = 0;
     u32 retval = func(&param_1, PARAM(0), PARAM(1), PARAM(2), PARAM(3), PARAM(4)).raw;
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(1, param_1);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(1, param_1);
     FuncReturn(retval);
 }
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ void Wrap() {
                      .raw;
 
     if (retval != RESULT_INVALID.raw) {
-        Core::g_app_core->SetReg(1, (u32)param_1);
+        Core::AppCore().SetReg(1, (u32)param_1);
         FuncReturn(retval);
     }
 }
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ template <ResultCode func(u32*)>
 void Wrap() {
     u32 param_1 = 0;
     u32 retval = func(&param_1).raw;
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(1, param_1);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(1, param_1);
     FuncReturn(retval);
 }
 
@@ -102,11 +102,11 @@ void Wrap() {
     MemoryInfo memory_info = {};
     PageInfo page_info = {};
     u32 retval = func(&memory_info, &page_info, PARAM(2)).raw;
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(1, memory_info.base_address);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(1, memory_info.base_address);
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(2, memory_info.size);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(2, memory_info.size);
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(3, memory_info.permission);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(3, memory_info.permission);
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(4, memory_info.state);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(4, memory_info.state);
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(5, page_info.flags);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(5, page_info.flags);
     FuncReturn(retval);
 }
 
@@ -115,11 +115,11 @@ void Wrap() {
     MemoryInfo memory_info = {};
     PageInfo page_info = {};
     u32 retval = func(&memory_info, &page_info, PARAM(2), PARAM(3)).raw;
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(1, memory_info.base_address);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(1, memory_info.base_address);
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(2, memory_info.size);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(2, memory_info.size);
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(3, memory_info.permission);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(3, memory_info.permission);
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(4, memory_info.state);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(4, memory_info.state);
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(5, page_info.flags);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(5, page_info.flags);
     FuncReturn(retval);
 }
 
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ template <ResultCode func(s32*, u32)>
 void Wrap() {
     s32 param_1 = 0;
     u32 retval = func(&param_1, PARAM(1)).raw;
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(1, param_1);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(1, param_1);
     FuncReturn(retval);
 }
 
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ template <ResultCode func(u32*, u32)>
 void Wrap() {
     u32 param_1 = 0;
     u32 retval = func(&param_1, PARAM(1)).raw;
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(1, param_1);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(1, param_1);
     FuncReturn(retval);
 }
 
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ template <ResultCode func(u32*, const char*)>
 void Wrap() {
     u32 param_1 = 0;
     u32 retval = func(&param_1, (char*)Memory::GetPointer(PARAM(1))).raw;
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(1, param_1);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(1, param_1);
     FuncReturn(retval);
 }
 
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ template <ResultCode func(u32*, s32, s32)>
 void Wrap() {
     u32 param_1 = 0;
     u32 retval = func(&param_1, PARAM(1), PARAM(2)).raw;
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(1, param_1);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(1, param_1);
     FuncReturn(retval);
 }
 
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ template <ResultCode func(s32*, u32, s32)>
 void Wrap() {
     s32 param_1 = 0;
     u32 retval = func(&param_1, PARAM(1), PARAM(2)).raw;
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(1, param_1);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(1, param_1);
     FuncReturn(retval);
 }
 
@@ -184,8 +184,8 @@ template <ResultCode func(s64*, u32, s32)>
 void Wrap() {
     s64 param_1 = 0;
     u32 retval = func(&param_1, PARAM(1), PARAM(2)).raw;
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(1, (u32)param_1);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(1, (u32)param_1);
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(2, (u32)(param_1 >> 32));
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(2, (u32)(param_1 >> 32));
     FuncReturn(retval);
 }
 
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ void Wrap() {
     u32 param_1 = 0;
     // The last parameter is passed in R0 instead of R4
     u32 retval = func(&param_1, PARAM(1), PARAM(2), PARAM(3), PARAM(0)).raw;
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(1, param_1);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(1, param_1);
     FuncReturn(retval);
 }
 
@@ -209,8 +209,8 @@ template <ResultCode func(s64*, Handle, u32)>
 void Wrap() {
     s64 param_1 = 0;
     u32 retval = func(&param_1, PARAM(1), PARAM(2)).raw;
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(1, (u32)param_1);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(1, (u32)param_1);
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(2, (u32)(param_1 >> 32));
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(2, (u32)(param_1 >> 32));
     FuncReturn(retval);
 }
 
@@ -227,8 +227,8 @@ void Wrap() {
                       reinterpret_cast<const char*>(Memory::GetPointer(PARAM(2))), PARAM(3))
                      .raw;
     // The first out parameter is moved into R2 and the second is moved into R1.
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(1, param_2);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(1, param_2);
-    Core::g_app_core->SetReg(2, param_1);
+    Core::AppCore().SetReg(2, param_1);
     FuncReturn(retval);
 }
 

src/core/hle/hle.cpp

@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ void Reschedule(const char* reason) {
     // routines. This simulates that time by artificially advancing the number of CPU "ticks".
     // The value was chosen empirically, it seems to work well enough for everything tested, but
     // is likely not ideal. We should find a more accurate way to simulate timing with HLE.
-    Core::g_app_core->AddTicks(4000);
+    Core::AppCore().AddTicks(4000);
 
-    Core::g_app_core->PrepareReschedule();
+    Core::AppCore().PrepareReschedule();
 
     reschedule = true;
 }

src/core/hle/kernel/thread.cpp

@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ static void SwitchContext(Thread* new_thread) {
     // Save context for previous thread
     if (previous_thread) {
         previous_thread->last_running_ticks = CoreTiming::GetTicks();
-        Core::g_app_core->SaveContext(previous_thread->context);
+        Core::AppCore().SaveContext(previous_thread->context);
 
         if (previous_thread->status == THREADSTATUS_RUNNING) {
             // This is only the case when a reschedule is triggered without the current thread
@@ -214,8 +214,8 @@ static void SwitchContext(Thread* new_thread) {
         // Restores thread to its nominal priority if it has been temporarily changed
         new_thread->current_priority = new_thread->nominal_priority;
 
-        Core::g_app_core->LoadContext(new_thread->context);
+        Core::AppCore().LoadContext(new_thread->context);
-        Core::g_app_core->SetCP15Register(CP15_THREAD_URO, new_thread->GetTLSAddress());
+        Core::AppCore().SetCP15Register(CP15_THREAD_URO, new_thread->GetTLSAddress());
     } else {
         current_thread = nullptr;
     }

src/core/hle/service/ldr_ro/ldr_ro.cpp

@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ static void LoadCRO(Interface* self, bool link_on_load_bug_fix) {
         }
     }
 
-    Core::g_app_core->ClearInstructionCache();
+    Core::AppCore().ClearInstructionCache();
 
     LOG_INFO(Service_LDR, "CRO \"%s\" loaded at 0x%08X, fixed_end=0x%08X", cro.ModuleName().data(),
              cro_address, cro_address + fix_size);
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ static void UnloadCRO(Interface* self) {
         memory_synchronizer.RemoveMemoryBlock(cro_address, cro_buffer_ptr);
     }
 
-    Core::g_app_core->ClearInstructionCache();
+    Core::AppCore().ClearInstructionCache();
 
     cmd_buff[1] = result.raw;
 }
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ static void LinkCRO(Interface* self) {
     }
 
     memory_synchronizer.SynchronizeOriginalMemory();
-    Core::g_app_core->ClearInstructionCache();
+    Core::AppCore().ClearInstructionCache();
 
     cmd_buff[1] = result.raw;
 }
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ static void UnlinkCRO(Interface* self) {
     }
 
     memory_synchronizer.SynchronizeOriginalMemory();
-    Core::g_app_core->ClearInstructionCache();
+    Core::AppCore().ClearInstructionCache();
 
     cmd_buff[1] = result.raw;
 }

src/core/hle/svc.cpp

@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ static ResultCode CreateThread(Handle* out_handle, s32 priority, u32 entry_point
 
 /// Called when a thread exits
 static void ExitThread() {
-    LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC, "called, pc=0x%08X", Core::g_app_core->GetPC());
+    LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC, "called, pc=0x%08X", Core::AppCore().GetPC());
 
     Kernel::ExitCurrentThread();
 }
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ static ResultCode CreateMutex(Handle* out_handle, u32 initial_locked) {
     using Kernel::Mutex;
 
     SharedPtr<Mutex> mutex = Mutex::Create(initial_locked != 0);
-    mutex->name = Common::StringFromFormat("mutex-%08x", Core::g_app_core->GetReg(14));
+    mutex->name = Common::StringFromFormat("mutex-%08x", Core::AppCore().GetReg(14));
     CASCADE_RESULT(*out_handle, Kernel::g_handle_table.Create(std::move(mutex)));
 
     LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC, "called initial_locked=%s : created handle=0x%08X",
@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ static ResultCode CreateSemaphore(Handle* out_handle, s32 initial_count, s32 max
     using Kernel::Semaphore;
 
     CASCADE_RESULT(SharedPtr<Semaphore> semaphore, Semaphore::Create(initial_count, max_count));
-    semaphore->name = Common::StringFromFormat("semaphore-%08x", Core::g_app_core->GetReg(14));
+    semaphore->name = Common::StringFromFormat("semaphore-%08x", Core::AppCore().GetReg(14));
     CASCADE_RESULT(*out_handle, Kernel::g_handle_table.Create(std::move(semaphore)));
 
     LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC, "called initial_count=%d, max_count=%d, created handle=0x%08X",
@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ static ResultCode CreateEvent(Handle* out_handle, u32 reset_type) {
     using Kernel::Event;
 
     SharedPtr<Event> evt = Event::Create(static_cast<Kernel::ResetType>(reset_type));
-    evt->name = Common::StringFromFormat("event-%08x", Core::g_app_core->GetReg(14));
+    evt->name = Common::StringFromFormat("event-%08x", Core::AppCore().GetReg(14));
     CASCADE_RESULT(*out_handle, Kernel::g_handle_table.Create(std::move(evt)));
 
     LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC, "called reset_type=0x%08X : created handle=0x%08X", reset_type,
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ static ResultCode CreateTimer(Handle* out_handle, u32 reset_type) {
     using Kernel::Timer;
 
     SharedPtr<Timer> timer = Timer::Create(static_cast<Kernel::ResetType>(reset_type));
-    timer->name = Common::StringFromFormat("timer-%08x", Core::g_app_core->GetReg(14));
+    timer->name = Common::StringFromFormat("timer-%08x", Core::AppCore().GetReg(14));
     CASCADE_RESULT(*out_handle, Kernel::g_handle_table.Create(std::move(timer)));
 
     LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC, "called reset_type=0x%08X : created handle=0x%08X", reset_type,
@@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ static void SleepThread(s64 nanoseconds) {
 static s64 GetSystemTick() {
     s64 result = CoreTiming::GetTicks();
     // Advance time to defeat dumb games (like Cubic Ninja) that busy-wait for the frame to end.
-    Core::g_app_core->AddTicks(
+    Core::AppCore().AddTicks(
         150); // Measured time between two calls on a 9.2 o3DS with Ninjhax 1.1b
     return result;
 }

src/core/system.cpp

@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2014 Citra Emulator Project
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#include "audio_core/audio_core.h"
-#include "core/core.h"
-#include "core/core_timing.h"
-#include "core/gdbstub/gdbstub.h"
-#include "core/hle/hle.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/memory.h"
-#include "core/hw/hw.h"
-#include "core/system.h"
-#include "video_core/video_core.h"
-
-namespace Core {
-
-/*static*/ System System::s_instance;
-
-System::ResultStatus System::Init(EmuWindow* emu_window, u32 system_mode) {
-    Core::Init();
-    CoreTiming::Init();
-    Memory::Init();
-    HW::Init();
-    Kernel::Init(system_mode);
-    HLE::Init();
-    AudioCore::Init();
-    GDBStub::Init();
-
-    if (!VideoCore::Init(emu_window)) {
-        return ResultStatus::ErrorVideoCore;
-    }
-
-    is_powered_on = true;
-
-    return ResultStatus::Success;
-}
-
-void System::Shutdown() {
-    GDBStub::Shutdown();
-    AudioCore::Shutdown();
-    VideoCore::Shutdown();
-    HLE::Shutdown();
-    Kernel::Shutdown();
-    HW::Shutdown();
-    CoreTiming::Shutdown();
-    Core::Shutdown();
-
-    is_powered_on = false;
-}
-
-System::ResultStatus System::Load(EmuWindow* emu_window, const std::string& filepath) {
-    state.app_loader = Loader::GetLoader(filepath);
-
-    if (!state.app_loader) {
-        LOG_CRITICAL(Frontend, "Failed to obtain loader for %s!", filepath.c_str());
-        return ResultStatus::ErrorGetLoader;
-    }
-
-    boost::optional<u32> system_mode{ state.app_loader->LoadKernelSystemMode() };
-    if (!system_mode) {
-        LOG_CRITICAL(Frontend, "Failed to determine system mode!");
-        return ResultStatus::ErrorSystemMode;
-    }
-
-    ResultStatus init_result{ Init(emu_window, system_mode.get()) };
-    if (init_result != ResultStatus::Success) {
-        LOG_CRITICAL(Frontend, "Failed to initialize system (Error %i)!", init_result);
-        System::Shutdown();
-        return init_result;
-    }
-
-    const Loader::ResultStatus load_result{ state.app_loader->Load() };
-    if (Loader::ResultStatus::Success != load_result) {
-        LOG_CRITICAL(Frontend, "Failed to load ROM (Error %i)!", load_result);
-        System::Shutdown();
-
-        switch (load_result) {
-        case Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorEncrypted:
-            return ResultStatus::ErrorLoader_ErrorEncrypted;
-        case Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorInvalidFormat:
-            return ResultStatus::ErrorLoader_ErrorInvalidFormat;
-        default:
-            return ResultStatus::ErrorLoader;
-        }
-    }
-    return ResultStatus::Success;
-}
-
-} // namespace Core

src/core/system.h

@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2014 Citra Emulator Project
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <string>
-
-#include "core/loader/loader.h"
-
-class EmuWindow;
-
-namespace Core {
-
-class System {
-public:
-    struct State {
-        std::unique_ptr<Loader::AppLoader> app_loader;
-    };
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the instance of the System singleton class.
-     * @returns Reference to the instance of the System singleton class.
-     */
-    static System& GetInstance() {
-        return s_instance;
-    }
-
-    /// Enumeration representing the return values of the System Initialize and Load process.
-    enum class ResultStatus : u32 {
-        Success, ///< Succeeded
-        ErrorGetLoader, ///< Error finding the correct application loader
-        ErrorSystemMode, ///< Error determining the system mode
-        ErrorLoader, ///< Error loading the specified application
-        ErrorLoader_ErrorEncrypted, ///< Error loading the specified application due to encryption
-        ErrorLoader_ErrorInvalidFormat, ///< Error loading the specified application due to an invalid format
-        ErrorVideoCore, ///< Error in the video core
-    };
-
-    /**
-     * Initialize the emulated system.
-     * @param emu_window Pointer to the host-system window used for video output and keyboard input.
-     * @param system_mode The system mode.
-     * @returns ResultStatus code, indicating if the operation succeeded.
-     */
-    ResultStatus Init(EmuWindow* emu_window, u32 system_mode);
-
-    /// Shutdown the emulated system.
-    void Shutdown();
-
-    /**
-     * Load an executable application.
-     * @param emu_window Pointer to the host-system window used for video output and keyboard input.
-     * @param filepath String path to the executable application to load on the host file system.
-     * @returns ResultStatus code, indicating if the operation succeeded.
-     */
-    ResultStatus Load(EmuWindow* emu_window, const std::string& filepath);
-
-    /**
-     * Indicates if the emulated system is powered on (all subsystems initialized and able to run an
-     * application).
-     * @returns True if the emulated system is powered on, otherwise false.
-     */
-    bool IsPoweredOn() const {
-        return is_powered_on;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the internal state of the emulated system.
-     * @returns The internal state of the emulated system
-     */
-    State& GetState() {
-        return state;
-    }
-
-private:
-    bool is_powered_on{};
-    State state;
-
-    static System s_instance;
-};
-
-} // namespace Core