Major refactoring, added classes, many bug fixes

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
         "tuple": "cpp",
         "type_traits": "cpp",
         "utility": "cpp",
-        "vector": "cpp"
+        "vector": "cpp",
+        "typeinfo": "c"
     }
 }

src/cbaselib.c

@@ -9,13 +9,12 @@ void cosmoB_loadlibrary(CState *state) {
     cosmoM_unfreezeGC(state);
 }
 
-int cosmoB_print(CState *state, int nargs, CValue *args) {
+CValue cosmoB_print(CState *state, int nargs, CValue *args) {
     for (int i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
         CObjString *str = cosmoV_toString(state, args[i]);
         printf("%s", cosmoO_readCString(str));
     }
-
     printf("\n");
 
-    return 0; // print doesn't return any args
+    return cosmoV_newNil(); // print doesn't return any args
 }

src/cbaselib.h

@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@
 #include "cstate.h"
 
 COSMO_API void cosmoB_loadlibrary(CState *state);
-COSMO_API int cosmoB_print(CState *state, int nargs, CValue *args);
+COSMO_API CValue cosmoB_print(CState *state, int nargs, CValue *args);
 
 #endif

src/cdebug.c

@@ -32,14 +32,6 @@ int constInstruction(const char *name, CChunk *chunk, int offset, int indent) {
     return offset + 1 + (sizeof(uint16_t) / sizeof(INSTRUCTION)); // consume opcode + uint
 }
 
-int ABOperandInstruction(const char *name, CChunk *chunk, int offset) {
-    int args = readu8Chunk(chunk, offset + 1);
-    int nresults = readu8Chunk(chunk, offset + 2);
-
-    printf("%-16s [%03d] [%03d]", name, args, nresults);
-    return offset + 3;
-}
-
 // public methods in the cdebug.h header
 
 void disasmChunk(CChunk *chunk, const char *name, int indent) {
@@ -91,7 +83,7 @@ int disasmInstr(CChunk *chunk, int offset, int indent) {
         case OP_POP:
             return shortOperandInstruction("OP_POP", chunk, offset);
         case OP_CALL:
-            return ABOperandInstruction("OP_CALL", chunk, offset);
+            return shortOperandInstruction("OP_CALL", chunk, offset);
         case OP_CLOSURE: {
             int index = readu16Chunk(chunk, offset + 1);
             printf("%-16s [%05d] - ", "OP_CLOSURE", index);
@@ -153,7 +145,7 @@ int disasmInstr(CChunk *chunk, int offset, int indent) {
         case OP_CONCAT:
             return shortOperandInstruction("OP_CONCAT", chunk, offset);
         case OP_RETURN:
-            return shortOperandInstruction("OP_RETURN", chunk, offset);
+            return simpleInstruction("OP_RETURN", offset);
         default:
             printf("Unknown opcode! [%d]\n", i);
             exit(0);

src/clex.c

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ CReservedWord reservedWords[] = {
     {TOKEN_FALSE, "false", 5},
     {TOKEN_FOR, "for", 3},
     {TOKEN_FUNCTION, "function", 8},
+    {TOKEN_CLASS, "class", 5},
     {TOKEN_IF, "if", 2},
     {TOKEN_LOCAL, "local", 5},
     {TOKEN_NIL, "nil", 3},
@@ -21,11 +22,9 @@ CReservedWord reservedWords[] = {
     {TOKEN_THEN, "then", 4},
     {TOKEN_TRUE, "true", 4},
     {TOKEN_VAR, "var", 3},
-    {TOKEN_THIS, "this", 4},
     {TOKEN_WHILE, "while", 5}
 };
 
-
 static CToken makeToken(CLexState *state, CTokenType type) {
     CToken token;
     token.type = type;
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ static CToken makeError(CLexState *state, const char *msg) {
 }
 
 static inline bool isEnd(CLexState *state) {
-    return state->isEnd;
+    return *state->currentChar == '\0';
 }
 
 static inline bool isNumerical(char c) {
@@ -103,14 +102,13 @@ void skipWhitespace(CLexState *state) {
     while (true) {
         char c = peek(state);
         switch (c) {
+            case '\n': // mark new line
+                state->line++;
             case ' ':
             case '\r':
             case '\t':
                 next(state); // consume the whitespace
                 break;
-            case '\n': // mark new line, make the main loop consume it
-                state->line++;
-                return;
             case '-': // consume comments
                 if (peekNext(state) == '-') {
                     
@@ -171,8 +169,6 @@ CLexState *cosmoL_newLexState(CState *cstate, const char *source) {
     state->currentChar = (char*)source;
     state->line = 1;
     state->lastLine = 0;
-    state->openedBraces = 0;
-    state->isEnd = false;
     state->lastType = TOKEN_ERROR;
 
     return state;
@@ -195,16 +191,12 @@ _scanTokenEnter:
 
     switch (c) {
         // single character tokens
-        case '(': state->openedBraces++; return makeToken(state, TOKEN_LEFT_PAREN);
+        case '(': return makeToken(state, TOKEN_LEFT_PAREN);
-        case ')': state->openedBraces--; return makeToken(state, TOKEN_RIGHT_PAREN);
+        case ')': return makeToken(state, TOKEN_RIGHT_PAREN);
-        case '{': state->openedBraces++; return makeToken(state, TOKEN_LEFT_BRACE);
+        case '{': return makeToken(state, TOKEN_LEFT_BRACE);
-        case '}': state->openedBraces--; return makeToken(state, TOKEN_RIGHT_BRACE);
+        case '}': return makeToken(state, TOKEN_RIGHT_BRACE);
-        case '[': state->openedBraces++; return makeToken(state, TOKEN_LEFT_BRACKET);
+        case '[': return makeToken(state, TOKEN_LEFT_BRACKET);
-        case ']': state->openedBraces--; return makeToken(state, TOKEN_RIGHT_BRACKET);
+        case ']': return makeToken(state, TOKEN_RIGHT_BRACKET);
-        case '\0':
-            state->isEnd = true;
-            if (state->lastType == TOKEN_EOS)
-                return makeToken(state, TOKEN_EOF);
             // fall through
         case ';': return makeToken(state, TOKEN_EOS);
         case ',': return makeToken(state, TOKEN_COMMA);
@@ -212,12 +204,6 @@ _scanTokenEnter:
         case '-': return makeToken(state, TOKEN_MINUS);
         case '*': return makeToken(state, TOKEN_STAR);
         case '/': return makeToken(state, TOKEN_SLASH);
-        case '\n': { // might be treated like a TOKEN_EOS
-            if (state->openedBraces == 0 && state->lastType != TOKEN_EOS)
-                return makeToken(state, TOKEN_EOS);
-            else // go back to the start
-                goto _scanTokenEnter;
-        }
         // two character tokens
         case '.': 
             return match(state, '.') ? makeToken(state, TOKEN_DOT_DOT) : makeToken(state, TOKEN_DOT);

src/clex.h

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ typedef enum {
     TOKEN_END,
     TOKEN_FOR,
     TOKEN_FUNCTION,
+    TOKEN_CLASS,
     TOKEN_IF,
     TOKEN_LOCAL,
     TOKEN_NOT,
@@ -53,7 +54,6 @@ typedef enum {
     TOKEN_RETURN,
     TOKEN_THEN,
     TOKEN_VAR,
-    TOKEN_THIS,
     TOKEN_WHILE,
 
     TOKEN_ERROR,
@@ -78,7 +78,6 @@ typedef struct {
     char *startChar;
     int line; // current line
     int lastLine; // line of the previous consumed token
-    int openedBraces; // tracks open [], {}, or ()
     bool isEnd;
     CTokenType lastType;
 } CLexState;

src/cmem.c

@@ -85,7 +85,9 @@ void blackenObject(CState *state, CObj *obj) {
             break;
         case COBJ_OBJECT: {
             // mark everything this object is keeping track of
-            markTable(state, &((CObjObject*)obj)->tbl);
+            CObjObject *cobj = (CObjObject*)obj;
+            markTable(state, &cobj->tbl);
+            markObject(state, (CObj*)cobj->meta);
             break;
         }
         case COBJ_UPVALUE: {
@@ -99,6 +101,12 @@ void blackenObject(CState *state, CObj *obj) {
 
             break;
         }
+        case COBJ_METHOD: {
+            CObjMethod *method = (CObjMethod*)obj;
+            markObject(state, (CObj*)method->closure);
+            markObject(state, (CObj*)method->obj);
+            break;
+        }
         case COBJ_CLOSURE: {
             CObjClosure *closure = (CObjClosure*)obj;
             markObject(state, (CObj*)closure->function);
@@ -200,6 +208,7 @@ void markRoots(CState *state) {
     }
 
     markTable(state, &state->globals);
+    markObject(state, (CObj*)state->initString);
 
     traceGrays(state);
 }

src/cmem.h

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "cstate.h"
 
-//#define GC_STRESS
+#define GC_STRESS
 //#define GC_DEBUG
 // arrays will grow by a factor of 2
 #define GROW_FACTOR 2

src/cobj.c

@@ -62,6 +62,10 @@ void cosmoO_free(CState *state, CObj* obj) {
             cosmoM_free(state, CObjCFunction, obj);
             break;
         }
+        case COBJ_METHOD: {
+            cosmoM_free(state, CObjMethod, obj); // we don't own the closure or the object so /shrug
+            break;
+        }
         case COBJ_CLOSURE: {
             CObjClosure* closure = (CObjClosure*)obj;
             cosmoM_freearray(state, CObjUpval*, closure->upvalues, closure->upvalueCount);
@@ -88,11 +92,14 @@ bool cosmoO_equal(CObj* obj1, CObj* obj2) {
     }
 }
 
-CObjObject *cosmoO_newObject(CState *state, int startCap) {
+CObjObject *cosmoO_newObject(CState *state) {
-    CObjObject *tbl = (CObjObject*)cosmoO_allocateBase(state, sizeof(CObjObject), COBJ_OBJECT);
+    CObjObject *obj = (CObjObject*)cosmoO_allocateBase(state, sizeof(CObjObject), COBJ_OBJECT);
+    obj->meta = NULL;
+    cosmoV_pushValue(state, cosmoV_newObj(obj)); // so out GC can keep track of it
+    cosmoT_initTable(state, &obj->tbl, ARRAY_START);
+    cosmoV_pop(state);
 
-    cosmoT_initTable(state, &tbl->tbl, startCap);
+    return obj;
-    return tbl;
 }
 
 CObjFunction *cosmoO_newFunction(CState *state) {
@@ -111,6 +118,13 @@ CObjCFunction *cosmoO_newCFunction(CState *state, CosmoCFunction func) {
     return cfunc;
 }
 
+CObjMethod *cosmoO_newMethod(CState *state, CObjClosure *func, CObjObject *obj) {
+    CObjMethod *method = (CObjMethod*)cosmoO_allocateBase(state, sizeof(CObjMethod), COBJ_METHOD);
+    method->closure = func;
+    method->obj = obj;
+    return method;
+}
+
 CObjClosure *cosmoO_newClosure(CState *state, CObjFunction *func) {
     // intialize array of pointers
     CObjUpval **upvalues = cosmoM_xmalloc(state, sizeof(CObjUpval*) * func->upvals);
@@ -180,7 +194,11 @@ CObjString *cosmoO_allocateString(CState *state, const char *str, size_t sz, uin
 }
 
 bool cosmoO_getObject(CState *state, CObjObject *object, CValue key, CValue *val) {
-    return cosmoT_get(&object->tbl, key, val);
+    if (!cosmoT_get(&object->tbl, key, val) && object->meta != NULL) { // if the field doesn't exist in the object, check the meta
+        return cosmoO_getObject(state, object->meta, key, val);
+    }
+
+    return true;
 }
 
 void cosmoO_setObject(CState *state, CObjObject *object, CValue key, CValue val) {
@@ -188,22 +206,22 @@ void cosmoO_setObject(CState *state, CObjObject *object, CValue key, CValue val)
     *newVal = val;
 }
 
-CObjString *cosmoO_toString(CState *state, CObj *val) {
+CObjString *cosmoO_toString(CState *state, CObj *obj) {
-    switch (val->type) {
+    switch (obj->type) {
         case COBJ_STRING: {
-            return (CObjString*)val;
+            return (CObjString*)obj;
         }
         case COBJ_FUNCTION: {
-            CObjFunction *func = (CObjFunction*)val;
+            CObjFunction *func = (CObjFunction*)obj;
             return func->name != NULL ? func->name : cosmoO_copyString(state, UNNAMEDCHUNK, strlen(UNNAMEDCHUNK)); 
         }
         case COBJ_OBJECT: { // TODO: maybe not safe??
             char buf[64];
-            int sz = sprintf(buf, "<obj> %p", val) + 1; // +1 for the null character
+            int sz = sprintf(buf, "<obj> %p", obj) + 1; // +1 for the null character
             return cosmoO_copyString(state, buf, sz);
         }
         default:
-            return cosmoO_copyString(state, "<unkn>", 6);
+            return cosmoO_copyString(state, "<unkn obj>", 10);
     }
 }
 
@@ -229,7 +247,7 @@ void printObject(CObj *o) {
             if (objFunc->name != NULL)
                 printf("<function> %.*s", objFunc->name->length, objFunc->name->str);
             else
-                printf("<function> _main");
+                printf("<function> %s", UNNAMEDCHUNK);
             break;
         }
         case COBJ_CFUNCTION: {
@@ -237,12 +255,21 @@ void printObject(CObj *o) {
             printf("<c function> %p", objCFunc->cfunc);
             break;
         }
+        case COBJ_METHOD: {
+            CObjMethod *method = (CObjMethod*)o;
+            if (method->closure->function->name != NULL) {
+                printf("<method> %p : %.*s", method->obj, method->closure->function->name->length, method->closure->function->name->str);
+            } else {
+                printf("<method> %p : %s", method->obj, UNNAMEDCHUNK);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
         case COBJ_CLOSURE: {
             CObjClosure *closure = (CObjClosure*)o;
             printObject((CObj*)closure->function); // just print the function
             break;
         }
         default:
-            printf("<unkn>");
+            printf("<unkn obj>");
     }
 }

src/cobj.h

@@ -13,14 +13,15 @@ typedef enum {
     COBJ_OBJECT,
     COBJ_FUNCTION,
     COBJ_CFUNCTION,
+    COBJ_METHOD,
     // internal use
     COBJ_CLOSURE,
     COBJ_UPVALUE,
 } CObjType;
 
-#define CommonHeader CObj obj;
+#define CommonHeader CObj _obj;
 
-typedef int (*CosmoCFunction)(CState *state, int argCount, CValue *args);
+typedef CValue (*CosmoCFunction)(CState *state, int argCount, CValue *args);
 
 typedef struct CObj {
     CObjType type;
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ typedef struct CObjString {
 typedef struct CObjObject {
     CommonHeader; // "is a" CObj
     CTable tbl;
-    //struct CObjObject *meta; // metaobject, used to describe object behavior
+    struct CObjObject *meta; // metaobject, describes the behavior of the object
 } CObjObject;
 
 typedef struct CObjFunction {
@@ -61,6 +62,12 @@ typedef struct CObjClosure {
     int upvalueCount;
 } CObjClosure;
 
+typedef struct CObjMethod {
+    CommonHeader; // "is a " CObj
+    CObjObject *obj; // obj this method is bound too
+    CObjClosure *closure; // TODO: change this to a union to a pointer to a closure object or a c function object
+} CObjMethod;
+
 typedef struct CObjUpval {
     CommonHeader; // "is a" CObj
     CValue *val;
@@ -72,12 +79,14 @@ typedef struct CObjUpval {
 #define IS_TABLE(x)     isObjType(x, COBJ_OBJECT)
 #define IS_FUNCTION(x)  isObjType(x, COBJ_FUNCTION)
 #define IS_CFUNCTION(x) isObjType(x, COBJ_CFUNCTION)
+#define IS_METHOD(x)    isObjType(x, COBJ_METHOD)
 #define IS_CLOSURE(x)   isObjType(x, COBJ_CLOSURE)
 
 #define cosmoV_readString(x)    ((CObjString*)cosmoV_readObj(x))
 #define cosmoV_readObject(x)    ((CObjObject*)cosmoV_readObj(x))
 #define cosmoV_readFunction(x)  ((CObjFunction*)cosmoV_readObj(x))
 #define cosmoV_readCFunction(x) (((CObjCFunction*)cosmoV_readObj(x))->cfunc)
+#define cosmoV_readMethod(x)    ((CObjMethod*)cosmoV_readObj(x))
 #define cosmoV_readClosure(x)   ((CObjClosure*)cosmoV_readObj(x))
 
 static inline bool isObjType(CValue val, CObjType type) {
@@ -89,9 +98,10 @@ void cosmoO_free(CState *state, CObj* obj);
 
 bool cosmoO_equal(CObj* obj1, CObj* obj2);
 
-CObjObject *cosmoO_newObject(CState *state, int startCap);
+CObjObject *cosmoO_newObject(CState *state);
 CObjFunction *cosmoO_newFunction(CState *state);
 CObjCFunction *cosmoO_newCFunction(CState *state, CosmoCFunction func);
+CObjMethod *cosmoO_newMethod(CState *state, CObjClosure *func, CObjObject *obj);
 CObjClosure *cosmoO_newClosure(CState *state, CObjFunction *func);
 CObjString *cosmoO_toString(CState *state, CObj *val);
 CObjUpval *cosmoO_newUpvalue(CState *state, CValue *val);

src/coperators.h

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ typedef enum {
     OP_NEWOBJECT,
     OP_GETOBJECT,
     OP_SETOBJECT,
+    OP_NEWCLASS,
 
     // ARITHMETIC
     OP_ADD, 

src/cosmo.h

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ typedef struct CObjString CObjString;
 typedef struct CObjUpval CObjUpval;
 typedef struct CObjFunction CObjFunction;
 typedef struct CObjCFunction CObjCFunction;
+typedef struct CObjMethod CObjMethod;
+typedef struct CObjClass CObjClass;
 typedef struct CObjClosure CObjClosure;
 
 typedef uint8_t INSTRUCTION;

src/cparse.c

@@ -9,6 +9,36 @@
 
 // we define all of this here because we only need it in this file, no need for it to be in the header /shrug
 
+typedef struct {
+    CToken name;
+    int depth;
+    bool isCaptured; // is the Local referenced in an upvalue?
+} Local;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t index;
+    bool isLocal;
+} Upvalue;
+
+typedef enum {
+    FTYPE_FUNCTION,
+    FTYPE_METHOD, // a function bounded to an object (can use "this" identifer to access the current object :pog:)
+    FTYPE_SCRIPT
+} FunctionType;
+
+typedef struct CCompilerState {
+    CObjFunction *function;
+    FunctionType type;
+
+    Local locals[256];
+    Upvalue upvalues[256];
+    int localCount;
+    int scopeDepth;
+    int pushedValues;
+    int savedPushed;
+    struct CCompilerState* enclosing;
+} CCompilerState;
+
 typedef struct {
     CLexState *lex;
     CCompilerState* compiler;
@@ -50,7 +80,7 @@ static void declaration(CParseState *pstate);
 static void function(CParseState *pstate, FunctionType type);
 static void expressionStatement(CParseState *pstate);
 static ParseRule* getRule(CTokenType type);
-static CObjFunction *endCompiler(CParseState *pstate, int results);
+static CObjFunction *endCompiler(CParseState *pstate);
 
 // ================================================================ [FRONT END/TALK TO LEXER] ================================================================
 
@@ -66,16 +96,15 @@ static void initCompilerState(CParseState* pstate, CCompilerState *ccstate, Func
     ccstate->type = type;
     ccstate->function = cosmoO_newFunction(pstate->state);
 
-
     if (type != FTYPE_SCRIPT) 
         ccstate->function->name = cosmoO_copyString(pstate->state, pstate->previous.start, pstate->previous.length);
 
-    // mark first local slot as used (this'll hold the CObjFunction of the current function)
+    // mark first local slot as used (this'll hold the CObjFunction of the current function, or if it's a method it'll hold the currently bounded object)
     Local *local = &ccstate->locals[ccstate->localCount++];
     local->depth = 0;
     local->isCaptured = false;
-    local->name.length = 0;
     local->name.start = "";
+    local->name.length = 0;
 }
 
 static void initParseState(CParseState *pstate, CCompilerState *ccstate, CState *s, const char *source) {
@@ -170,6 +199,16 @@ static void inline valuePopped(CParseState *pstate, int values) {
     pstate->compiler->pushedValues -= values;
 }
 
+static bool blockFollow(CToken token) {
+    switch (token.type) {
+        case TOKEN_END: case TOKEN_ELSE:
+        case TOKEN_ELSEIF: case TOKEN_EOS:
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+}
+
 // ================================================================ [WRITE TO CHUNK] ================================================================
 
 CChunk* getChunk(CParseState *pstate) {
@@ -491,22 +530,46 @@ static void call_(CParseState *pstate, bool canAssign) {
     valuePopped(pstate, argCount + 1); // all of these values will be popped off the stack when returned (+1 for the function)
     writeu8(pstate, OP_CALL);
     writeu8(pstate, argCount);
-
-    // hacky hacky hacky hACKY GACJ HACK!!!!!!!!
-    if (pstate->compiler->pushedValues < pstate->compiler->savedPushed) { // there's empty spots on the stack waiting to be filled, lets make OP_CALL fill those spots for us
-        writeu8(pstate, pstate->compiler->savedPushed - pstate->compiler->pushedValues); // number of expected results
-        pstate->compiler->pushedValues = pstate->compiler->savedPushed; // either way the stack will be balanaced after this call
-    } else {
-        writeu8(pstate, 1); // we expect 1 result by default
     valuePushed(pstate, 1);
 }
-}
 
 static void object(CParseState *pstate, bool canAssign) {
     // already consumed the beginning '{'
     int entries = 0;
 
-    consume(pstate, TOKEN_RIGHT_BRACE, "Expected '}' to end object definition!");
+    if (!match(pstate, TOKEN_RIGHT_BRACE)) {
+        do {
+            if (match(pstate, TOKEN_IDENTIFIER)) {
+                uint16_t fieldIdent = identifierConstant(pstate, &pstate->previous);
+
+                // OP_NEWOBJECT expects the key on the stack before the value
+                writeu8(pstate, OP_LOADCONST);
+                writeu16(pstate, fieldIdent);
+
+                consume(pstate, TOKEN_EQUAL, "Invalid syntax!");
+
+                // parse field
+                expression(pstate);
+                valuePopped(pstate, 1);
+            } else if (match(pstate, TOKEN_LEFT_BRACKET)) {
+                // parse the key first
+                expression(pstate); // should parse until end bracket
+
+                consume(pstate, TOKEN_RIGHT_BRACKET, "Expected ']' to end index definition.");
+                consume(pstate, TOKEN_EQUAL, "Expected '='.");
+
+                // now, parse the value (until comma)
+                expression(pstate);
+                valuePopped(pstate, 2);
+            } else {
+                error(pstate, "Invalid syntax!");
+            }
+            
+            entries++;
+        } while (match(pstate, TOKEN_COMMA) && !pstate->hadError);
+
+        consume(pstate, TOKEN_RIGHT_BRACE, "Expected '}' to end object definition.");
+    }
 
     writeu8(pstate, OP_NEWOBJECT);
     writeu8(pstate, entries);
@@ -515,7 +578,7 @@ static void object(CParseState *pstate, bool canAssign) {
 
 static void dot(CParseState *pstate, bool canAssign) {
     consume(pstate, TOKEN_IDENTIFIER, "Expected property name after '.'.");
-    uint8_t name = identifierConstant(pstate, &pstate->previous);
+    uint16_t name = identifierConstant(pstate, &pstate->previous);
     writeu8(pstate, OP_LOADCONST);
     writeu16(pstate, name);
 
@@ -579,6 +642,7 @@ ParseRule ruleTable[] = {
     [TOKEN_END]             = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
     [TOKEN_FOR]             = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
     [TOKEN_FUNCTION]        = {anonFunction, NULL, PREC_NONE},
+    [TOKEN_CLASS]           = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
     [TOKEN_IF]              = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
     [TOKEN_LOCAL]           = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
     [TOKEN_NOT]             = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
@@ -588,7 +652,6 @@ ParseRule ruleTable[] = {
     [TOKEN_WHILE]           = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
     [TOKEN_ERROR]           = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
     [TOKEN_VAR]             = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
-    [TOKEN_THIS]            = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
     [TOKEN_EOF]             = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE}
 };
 
@@ -601,9 +664,8 @@ static void parsePrecedence(CParseState *pstate, Precedence prec) {
 
     ParseFunc prefix = getRule(pstate->previous.type)->prefix;
 
-    if (prefix == NULL) {
+    if (prefix == NULL)
-        return error(pstate, "Expected expression!");
+        return;
-    }
 
     bool canAssign = prec <= PREC_ASSIGNMENT;
     prefix(pstate, canAssign);
@@ -666,6 +728,33 @@ static void defineVariable(CParseState *pstate, uint16_t global, bool forceLocal
     valuePopped(pstate, 1);
 }
 
+static void _class(CParseState *pstate) {
+    uint16_t var = parseVariable(pstate, "Expected identifer!", false);
+    int entries = 0;
+    
+    while (!match(pstate, TOKEN_END) && !match(pstate, TOKEN_EOF) && !pstate->hadError) {
+        if (match(pstate, TOKEN_FUNCTION)) {
+            // define method
+            consume(pstate, TOKEN_IDENTIFIER, "Expected identifier!");
+            uint16_t fieldIdent = identifierConstant(pstate, &pstate->previous);
+
+            // OP_NEWOBJECT expects the key on the stack before the value
+            writeu8(pstate, OP_LOADCONST);
+            writeu16(pstate, fieldIdent);
+
+            function(pstate, FTYPE_METHOD);
+            valuePopped(pstate, 1);
+        }
+
+        entries++;
+    }
+
+    writeu8(pstate, OP_NEWOBJECT);
+    writeu8(pstate, entries);
+    valuePushed(pstate, 1);
+    defineVariable(pstate, var, false);
+}
+
 static void popLocals(CParseState *pstate, int toScope) {
     if (pstate->hadError)
         return;
@@ -708,7 +797,7 @@ static void endScope(CParseState *pstate) {
 
 // parses expressionStatements until a TOKEN_END is consumed
 static void block(CParseState *pstate) {
-    while(!check(pstate, TOKEN_END) && !check(pstate, TOKEN_EOF)) {
+    while(!check(pstate, TOKEN_END) && !check(pstate, TOKEN_EOF) && !check(pstate, TOKEN_ERROR)) {
         declaration(pstate);
     }
 
@@ -760,7 +849,7 @@ static void ifStatement(CParseState *pstate) {
     // parse until 'end' or 'else'
     beginScope(pstate);
     
-    while(!check(pstate, TOKEN_END) && !check(pstate, TOKEN_ELSE) && !check(pstate, TOKEN_ELSEIF) && !check(pstate, TOKEN_EOF)) {
+    while(!check(pstate, TOKEN_END) && !check(pstate, TOKEN_ELSE) && !check(pstate, TOKEN_ELSEIF) && !check(pstate, TOKEN_EOF) && !check(pstate, TOKEN_ERROR)) {
         declaration(pstate);
     }
 
@@ -828,7 +917,7 @@ static void function(CParseState *pstate, FunctionType type) {
             }
 
             // parse identifier for param (force them to be a local)
-            uint8_t funcIdent = parseVariable(pstate, "Expected identifier for function!", true);
+            uint16_t funcIdent = parseVariable(pstate, "Expected identifier for function!", true);
             defineVariable(pstate, funcIdent, true);
             valuePushed(pstate, 1); // they *will* be populated during runtime
         } while (match(pstate, TOKEN_COMMA));
@@ -840,7 +929,7 @@ static void function(CParseState *pstate, FunctionType type) {
     alignStack(pstate, savedPushed);
     endScope(pstate);
 
-    CObjFunction *objFunc = endCompiler(pstate, 0);
+    CObjFunction *objFunc = endCompiler(pstate);
 
     // push closure
     writeu8(pstate, OP_CLOSURE);
@@ -855,7 +944,7 @@ static void function(CParseState *pstate, FunctionType type) {
 }
 
 static void functionDeclaration(CParseState *pstate) {
-    uint8_t var = parseVariable(pstate, "Expected identifer!", false);
+    uint16_t var = parseVariable(pstate, "Expected identifer!", false);
 
     if (pstate->compiler->scopeDepth > 0)
         markInitialized(pstate, var);
@@ -871,27 +960,19 @@ static void returnStatement(CParseState *pstate) {
         return;
     }
 
-    // can return multiple results
+    if (blockFollow(pstate->current)) { // does this return have a value
-    int results = 0;
+        writeu8(pstate, OP_NIL);
-    if (!check(pstate, TOKEN_EOS)) { // make sure its not an end of a statement
+        writeu8(pstate, OP_RETURN);
-        do {
-            expression(pstate);
-            results++;
-        } while (match(pstate, TOKEN_COMMA));
-
-        if (results > UINT8_MAX) {
-            error(pstate, "Too many results returned!");
         return;
     }
-    }
 
+    expression(pstate);
     writeu8(pstate, OP_RETURN);
-    writeu8(pstate, results);
+    valuePopped(pstate, 1);
-    valuePopped(pstate, results);
 }
 
 static void localFunction(CParseState *pstate) {
-    uint8_t var = parseVariable(pstate, "Expected identifer!", true);
+    uint16_t var = parseVariable(pstate, "Expected identifer!", true);
     markInitialized(pstate, var);
 
     function(pstate, FTYPE_FUNCTION);
@@ -907,6 +988,7 @@ static void forLoop(CParseState *pstate) {
     // parse initalizer
     if (!match(pstate, TOKEN_EOS)) {
         expressionStatement(pstate);
+        consume(pstate, TOKEN_EOS, "Expected ';' after initalizer!");
     }
 
     int loopStart = getChunk(pstate)->count;
@@ -985,14 +1067,13 @@ static void expressionStatement(CParseState *pstate) {
         forLoop(pstate);
     } else if (match(pstate, TOKEN_FUNCTION)) {
         functionDeclaration(pstate);
+    } else if (match(pstate, TOKEN_CLASS)) {
+        _class(pstate);
     } else if (match(pstate, TOKEN_RETURN)) {
         returnStatement(pstate);
-    } else if (check(pstate, TOKEN_EOS)) {
-        // do nothing, just consume it
     } else {
         expression(pstate);
     }
-    consume(pstate, TOKEN_EOS, "Expected end of statement after expression.");
 
     // realign the stack
     alignStack(pstate, pstate->compiler->savedPushed);
@@ -1010,10 +1091,10 @@ static void declaration(CParseState *pstate) {
         synchronize(pstate);
 }
 
-static CObjFunction *endCompiler(CParseState *pstate, int results) {
+static CObjFunction *endCompiler(CParseState *pstate) {
     popLocals(pstate, pstate->compiler->scopeDepth); // remove the locals from other scopes
+    writeu8(pstate, OP_NIL);
     writeu8(pstate, OP_RETURN);
-    writeu8(pstate, results);
 
     // update pstate to next compiler state
     CCompilerState *cachedCCState = pstate->compiler;
@@ -1041,7 +1122,7 @@ CObjFunction* cosmoP_compileString(CState *state, const char *source) {
     popLocals(&parser, -1); // needed to close over the values
 
     if (parser.hadError) { // we don't free the function, the state already has a reference to it in it's linked list of objects!
-        endCompiler(&parser, 0);
+        endCompiler(&parser);
         freeParseState(&parser);
 
         // the VM still expects a result on the stack TODO: push the error string to the stack
@@ -1054,7 +1135,7 @@ CObjFunction* cosmoP_compileString(CState *state, const char *source) {
     // VM expects the closure on the stack :P (we do this before ending the compiler so our GC doesn't free it)
     cosmoV_pushValue(state, cosmoV_newObj((CObj*)cosmoO_newClosure(state, resFunc)));
 
-    endCompiler(&parser, 0);
+    endCompiler(&parser);
     freeParseState(&parser);
     cosmoM_unfreezeGC(state);
     return resFunc;

src/cparse.h

@@ -4,35 +4,6 @@
 #include "cosmo.h"
 #include "clex.h"
 
-typedef struct {
-    CToken name;
-    int depth;
-    bool isCaptured; // is the Local referenced in an upvalue?
-} Local;
-
-typedef struct {
-    uint8_t index;
-    bool isLocal;
-} Upvalue;
-
-typedef enum {
-    FTYPE_FUNCTION,
-    FTYPE_SCRIPT
-} FunctionType;
-
-typedef struct CCompilerState {
-    CObjFunction *function;
-    FunctionType type;
-
-    Local locals[256];
-    Upvalue upvalues[256];
-    int localCount;
-    int scopeDepth;
-    int pushedValues;
-    int savedPushed;
-    struct CCompilerState* enclosing;
-} CCompilerState;
-
 // compiles source into CChunk, if NULL is returned, a syntaxical error has occured and pushed onto the stack
 CObjFunction* cosmoP_compileString(CState *state, const char *source);
 

src/cstate.c

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "cchunk.h"
 #include "cobj.h"
 #include "cvm.h"
+#include "cmem.h"
 
 #include <string.h>
 
@@ -32,10 +33,16 @@ CState *cosmoV_newState() {
 
     cosmoT_initTable(state, &state->strings, 8); // init string table
     cosmoT_initTable(state, &state->globals, 8); // init global table
+
+    state->initString = NULL;
+    state->initString = cosmoO_copyString(state, "__init", 6);
     return state;
 }
 
 void cosmoV_freeState(CState *state) {
+#ifdef GC_DEBUG
+    printf("state %p is being free'd!\n", state);
+#endif
     // frees all the objects
     CObj *objs = state->objects;
     while (objs != NULL) {
@@ -45,6 +52,7 @@ void cosmoV_freeState(CState *state) {
     }
 
     // free our string & global table
+    state->initString = NULL;
     cosmoT_clearTable(state, &state->strings);
     cosmoT_clearTable(state, &state->globals);
 

src/cstate.h

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
 #include "cobj.h"
 #include "ctable.h"
 
-typedef struct CCompilerState CCompilerState;
-
 typedef struct CCallFrame {
     CObjClosure *closure;
     INSTRUCTION *pc;
@@ -32,6 +30,8 @@ typedef struct CState {
     CValue stack[STACK_MAX]; // stack
     CCallFrame callFrame[FRAME_MAX]; // call frames
     int frameCount;
+
+    CObjString *initString;
 } CState;
 
 COSMO_API CState *cosmoV_newState();

src/cvalue.c

@@ -46,8 +46,11 @@ COSMO_API CObjString *cosmoV_toString(CState *state, CValue val) {
         case COSMO_TOBJ: {
             return cosmoO_toString(state, val.val.obj);
         }
+        case COSMO_TNIL: {
+            return cosmoO_copyString(state, "nil", 3); 
+        }
         default:
-            return cosmoO_copyString(state, "<unkn>", 6);
+            return cosmoO_copyString(state, "<unkn val>", 10);
     }
 }
 
@@ -67,6 +70,6 @@ void printValue(CValue val) {
             printf("nil");
             break;
         default:
-            printf("<unkn>");
+            printf("<unkn val>");
     }
 }

src/cvm.c

@@ -105,19 +105,40 @@ CObjString *cosmoV_concat(CState *state, CObjString *strA, CObjString *strB) {
     return cosmoO_takeString(state, buf, sz);
 }
 
-int cosmoV_execute(CState *state);
+bool cosmoV_execute(CState *state);
 
 typedef enum {
     CALL_CLOSURE,
     CALL_CFUNCTION
 } preCallResult;
 
-int cosmoV_preCall(CState *state, int args, int nresults) {
+bool call(CState *state, CObjClosure *closure, int args) {
-    return -1;
+    // missmatched args, thats an obvious user error, so error.
+    if (args != closure->function->args) {
+        runtimeError(state, "Expected %d parameters for %s, got %d!", closure->function->args, closure->function->name == NULL ? UNNAMEDCHUNK : closure->function->name->str, args);
+        return false;
     }
     
-// args = # of pass parameters, nresults = # of expected results
+    // load function into callframe
-COSMOVMRESULT cosmoV_call(CState *state, int args, int nresults) {
+    pushCallFrame(state, closure, closure->function->args);
+
+    // execute
+    if (!cosmoV_execute(state))
+        return false;
+
+    // remember where the return value is
+    CValue* result = cosmoV_getTop(state, 0);
+
+    // pop the callframe and return result :)
+    popCallFrame(state);
+
+    // push the return value back onto the stack
+    cosmoV_pushValue(state, *result);
+    return true;
+}
+
+// args = # of pass parameters
+COSMOVMRESULT cosmoV_call(CState *state, int args) {
     StkPtr val = cosmoV_getTop(state, args); // function will always be right above the args
 
     if (!(val->type == COSMO_TOBJ)) {
@@ -128,9 +149,18 @@ COSMOVMRESULT cosmoV_call(CState *state, int args, int nresults) {
     switch (val->val.obj->type) {
         case COBJ_CLOSURE: {
             CObjClosure *closure = (CObjClosure*)(val->val.obj);
+            if (!call(state, closure, args)) {
+                return COSMOVM_RUNTIME_ERR;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case COBJ_METHOD: {
+            CObjMethod *method = (CObjMethod*)val->val.obj;
+            *val = cosmoV_newObj(method->obj); // sets the object on the stack so the function can reference it in it's first argument
 
-            // missmatched args, thats an obvious user error, so error.
+            CObjClosure *closure = method->closure;
-            if (args != closure->function->args) {
+
+            if (args+1 != closure->function->args) {
                 runtimeError(state, "Expected %d parameters for %s, got %d!", closure->function->args, closure->function->name == NULL ? UNNAMEDCHUNK : closure->function->name->str, args);
                 return COSMOVM_RUNTIME_ERR;
             }
@@ -139,22 +169,53 @@ COSMOVMRESULT cosmoV_call(CState *state, int args, int nresults) {
             pushCallFrame(state, closure, closure->function->args);
 
             // execute
-            int res = cosmoV_execute(state);
+            if (!cosmoV_execute(state)) 
+                return COSMOVM_RUNTIME_ERR;
+            CValue* result = state->top;
 
-            // so, since we can have any # of results, we need to move the expected results to the original call frame (that means popping/adding however many results)
+            // pop the callframe and return result
-            CValue* results = state->top;
-
-            // pop the callframe and return result :)
             popCallFrame(state);
+            state->top++; // adjust stack back into place
+            cosmoV_pushValue(state, *result); // and push return value
+            break;
+        }
+        case COBJ_OBJECT: {
+            CObjObject *metaObj = (CObjObject*)val->val.obj;
+            CObjObject *newObj = cosmoO_newObject(state);
+            newObj->meta = metaObj;
+            *val = cosmoV_newObj(newObj);
+            CValue ret;
 
-            // return the results to the stack
+            // check if they defined an initalizer
-            for (int i = 1; i <= nresults; i++) {
+            if (cosmoO_getObject(state, metaObj, cosmoV_newObj(state->initString), &ret) && IS_CLOSURE(ret)) {
-                if (i <= res)
+                CObjClosure *closure = cosmoV_readClosure(ret);
-                    cosmoV_pushValue(state, results[-i]);
+
-                else
+                if (args+1 != closure->function->args) {
-                    cosmoV_pushValue(state, cosmoV_newNil());
+                    runtimeError(state, "Expected %d parameters for %s, got %d!", closure->function->args, closure->function->name == NULL ? UNNAMEDCHUNK : closure->function->name->str, args);
+                    return COSMOVM_RUNTIME_ERR;
                 }
                 
+                // load function into callframe
+                pushCallFrame(state, closure, closure->function->args);
+
+                // execute
+                if (!cosmoV_execute(state))
+                    return COSMOVM_RUNTIME_ERR;
+                
+                // we throw away the return result, it's unused
+                // pop the callframe and return result :)
+                popCallFrame(state);
+                state->top++; // adjust stack back into place
+            } else {
+                // no default initalizer
+                if (args != 0) {
+                    runtimeError(state, "Expected 0 parameters, got %d!", args);
+                    return COSMOVM_RUNTIME_ERR;
+                }
+                state->top--;
+            }
+
+            cosmoV_pushValue(state, cosmoV_newObj(newObj));
             break;
         }
         case COBJ_CFUNCTION: {
@@ -163,21 +224,11 @@ COSMOVMRESULT cosmoV_call(CState *state, int args, int nresults) {
             CValue *savedBase = state->top - args - 1;
 
             cosmoM_freezeGC(state); // we don't want a GC event during c api because we don't actually trust the user to know how to evade the GC
-            int res = cfunc(state, args, state->top - args);
+            CValue res = cfunc(state, args, state->top - args);
             cosmoM_unfreezeGC(state);
 
-            // so, since we can have any # of results, we need to move the expected results to the original call frame
-            CValue* results = state->top;
             state->top = savedBase;
-
+            cosmoV_pushValue(state, res);
-            // return the results to the stack
-            for (int i = 1; i <= nresults; i++) {
-                if (i <= res)
-                    cosmoV_pushValue(state, results[-i]);
-                else
-                    cosmoV_pushValue(state, cosmoV_newNil());
-            }
-            
             break;
         }
         default: 
@@ -199,12 +250,11 @@ static inline bool isFalsey(StkPtr val) {
         cosmoV_setTop(state, 2); /* pop the 2 values */ \
         cosmoV_pushValue(state, typeConst((valA->val.num) op (valB->val.num))); \
     } else { \
-        runtimeError(state, "Expected number! got %d and %d", valA->type, valB->type); \
+        runtimeError(state, "Expected number!"); \
     } \
 
-
+// returns false if panic
-// returns -1 if error, otherwise returns ammount of results
+bool cosmoV_execute(CState *state) {
-int cosmoV_execute(CState *state) {
     CCallFrame* frame = &state->callFrame[state->frameCount - 1]; // grabs the current frame
     CValue *constants = frame->closure->function->chunk.constants.values; // cache the pointer :)
 
@@ -285,8 +335,7 @@ int cosmoV_execute(CState *state) {
             }
             case OP_CALL: {
                 uint8_t args = READBYTE();
-                uint8_t results = READBYTE();
+                COSMOVMRESULT result = cosmoV_call(state, args);
-                COSMOVMRESULT result = cosmoV_call(state, args, results);
                 if (result != COSMOVM_OK) {
                     return result;
                 }
@@ -320,12 +369,12 @@ int cosmoV_execute(CState *state) {
             case OP_NEWOBJECT: {
                 uint8_t entries = READBYTE();
                 StkPtr key, val;
-                CObjObject *newObj = cosmoO_newObject(state, entries * 3); // start the table with enough space to hopefully prevent reallocation since that's costly
+                CObjObject *newObj = cosmoO_newObject(state); // start the table with enough space to hopefully prevent reallocation since that's costly
                 cosmoV_pushValue(state, cosmoV_newObj(newObj)); // so our GC doesn't free our new object
 
                 for (int i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
-                    val = cosmoV_getTop(state, (i*2) + 2);
+                    val = cosmoV_getTop(state, (i*2) + 1);
-                    key = cosmoV_getTop(state, (i*2) + 1);
+                    key = cosmoV_getTop(state, (i*2) + 2);
 
                     // set key/value pair
                     CValue *newVal = cosmoT_insert(state, &newObj->tbl, *key);
@@ -351,6 +400,10 @@ int cosmoV_execute(CState *state) {
                 CValue val; // to hold our value
 
                 cosmoO_getObject(state, object, *key, &val);
+                if (IS_CLOSURE(val)) { // is it a function? if so, make it a method to the current object
+                    CObjMethod *method = cosmoO_newMethod(state, cosmoV_readClosure(val), object);
+                    val = cosmoV_newObj(method);
+                }
                 cosmoV_setTop(state, 2); // pops the object & the key
                 cosmoV_pushValue(state, val); // pushes the field result
                 break;
@@ -453,8 +506,7 @@ int cosmoV_execute(CState *state) {
             case OP_FALSE:  cosmoV_pushValue(state, cosmoV_newBoolean(false)); break;
             case OP_NIL:    cosmoV_pushValue(state, cosmoV_newNil()); break;
             case OP_RETURN: {
-                uint8_t results = READBYTE();
+                return true;
-                return results;
             }
             default:
                 CERROR("unknown opcode!");
@@ -467,7 +519,7 @@ int cosmoV_execute(CState *state) {
 #undef READUINT
 
     // we'll only reach this is state->panic is true
-    return COSMOVM_RUNTIME_ERR;
+    return false;
 }
 
 #undef BINARYOP

src/cvm.h

@@ -11,6 +11,6 @@ typedef enum {
 } COSMOVMRESULT;
 
 // args = # of pass parameters, nresults = # of expected results
-COSMO_API COSMOVMRESULT cosmoV_call(CState *state, int args, int nresults);
+COSMO_API COSMOVMRESULT cosmoV_call(CState *state, int args);
 
 #endif

src/main.c

@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
 
 #include "cmem.h"
 
-static bool _ACTIVE;
+static bool _ACTIVE = false;
 
-int cosmoB_quitRepl(CState *state, int nargs, CValue *args) {
+CValue cosmoB_quitRepl(CState *state, int nargs, CValue *args) {
     _ACTIVE = false;
 
-    return 0; // we don't do anything to the stack
+    return cosmoV_newNil(); // we don't return anything
 }
 
 static void interpret(CState *state, const char* script) {
@@ -22,11 +22,10 @@ static void interpret(CState *state, const char* script) {
     if (func != NULL) {
         disasmChunk(&func->chunk, "_main", 0);
         
-        cosmoV_call(state, 0, 0); // 0 args being passed, 0 results expected
+        COSMOVMRESULT res = cosmoV_call(state, 0); // 0 args being passed
 
-        //cosmoV_printStack(state);
+        if (res == COSMOVM_RUNTIME_ERR)
-        //cosmoT_printTable(&state->globals, "globals");
+            state->panic = false; // so our repl isn't broken
-        //cosmoT_printTable(&state->strings, "strings");
     }
 }
 

test.cosmo

@@ -1,7 +1,26 @@
-var test = {}
+class test
-
+    function __init(self, str)
-if !test.hello then
+        self.hello = str
-    test.hello = "hello world!"
     end
 
-print(test.hello .. "!!!!")
+    function print(self, i)
+        local str = self.hello
+
+        for (var x = i; x > 0; x=x-1) do
+            str = str .. "!"
+        end
+
+        print(str)
+    end
+end
+
+var obj = test("Hello world")
+for (var i = 1; i <= 10; i=i+1) do
+    obj.print(i)
+end
+
+test.debug = function(self)
+    print("hi from " .. self)
+end
+
+obj.debug()