diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index f3bb83b..82cd1e3 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # make clean && make && ./bin/cosmo
 
 CC=clang
-CFLAGS=-fPIE -Wall -O3 -Isrc -std=c99
+CFLAGS=-fPIE -Wall -Isrc -O3 -std=c99
 LDFLAGS=-lm #-fsanitize=address
 OUT=bin/cosmo
 
diff --git a/main.c b/main.c
index 06d944f..33ebeb8 100644
--- a/main.c
+++ b/main.c
@@ -49,9 +49,8 @@ static bool interpret(CState *state, const char *script, const char *mod)
 
     // cosmoV_compileString pushes the result onto the stack (COBJ_ERROR or COBJ_CLOSURE)
     if (cosmoV_compileString(state, script, mod)) {
-        COSMOVMRESULT res = cosmoV_call(state, 0, 0); // 0 args being passed, 0 results expected
-
-        if (res == COSMOVM_RUNTIME_ERR)
+        // 0 args being passed, 0 results expected
+        if (!cosmoV_call(state, 0, 0))
             cosmoV_printError(state, state->error);
     } else {
         cosmoV_pop(state); // pop the error off the stack
@@ -171,9 +170,7 @@ void compileScript(CState *state, const char *in, const char *out)
 
 void loadScript(CState *state, const char *in)
 {
-    FILE *file;
-
-    file = fopen(in, "rb");
+    FILE *file = fopen(in, "rb");
     if (!cosmoV_undump(state, fileReader, file)) {
         cosmoV_pop(state); // pop the error off the stack
         cosmoV_printError(state, state->error);
@@ -181,9 +178,7 @@ void loadScript(CState *state, const char *in)
     };
 
     printf("[!] loaded %s!\n", in);
-    COSMOVMRESULT res = cosmoV_call(state, 0, 0); // 0 args being passed, 0 results expected
-
-    if (res == COSMOVM_RUNTIME_ERR)
+    if (!cosmoV_call(state, 0, 0))
         cosmoV_printError(state, state->error);
 
     fclose(file);
@@ -203,7 +198,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *const argv[])
 {
     CState *state = cosmoV_newState();
     cosmoB_loadLibrary(state);
-    cosmoB_loadOSLib(state);
+    cosmoB_loadOS(state);
     cosmoB_loadVM(state);
 
     int opt;
diff --git a/src/cbaselib.c b/src/cbaselib.c
index a6928dc..7cadc9b 100644
--- a/src/cbaselib.c
+++ b/src/cbaselib.c
@@ -68,17 +68,12 @@ int cosmoB_pcall(CState *state, int nargs, CValue *args)
         return 0;
     }
 
-    // unfreeze the state GC before calling the function
-    cosmoM_unfreezeGC(state);
-
-    // call the passed callable
-    COSMOVMRESULT res = cosmoV_pcall(state, nargs - 1, 1);
+    // call the passed callable, the passed arguments are already in the
+    // proper order lol, so we can just call it
+    bool res = cosmoV_pcall(state, nargs - 1, 1);
 
     // insert false before the result
-    cosmo_insert(state, 0, cosmoV_newBoolean(res == COSMOVM_OK));
-
-    // refreeze the state GC so it can be properly unfrozen
-    cosmoM_freezeGC(state);
+    cosmo_insert(state, 0, cosmoV_newBoolean(res));
     return 2;
 }
 
@@ -332,7 +327,7 @@ int cosmoB_osSystem(CState *state, int nargs, CValue *args)
     return 1;
 }
 
-COSMO_API void cosmoB_loadOSLib(CState *state)
+COSMO_API void cosmoB_loadOS(CState *state)
 {
     const char *identifiers[] = {"read", "time", "system"};
 
diff --git a/src/cbaselib.h b/src/cbaselib.h
index 928d8f3..47aa5bc 100644
--- a/src/cbaselib.h
+++ b/src/cbaselib.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ COSMO_API void cosmoB_loadObjLib(CState *state);
     - os.system()
     - os.time()
 */
-COSMO_API void cosmoB_loadOSLib(CState *state);
+COSMO_API void cosmoB_loadOS(CState *state);
 
 /* loads the base string library, including:
     - string.sub & <string>:sub()
diff --git a/src/cchunk.c b/src/cchunk.c
index 68ec17e..4ef4ad6 100644
--- a/src/cchunk.c
+++ b/src/cchunk.c
@@ -49,9 +49,10 @@ int addConstant(CState *state, CChunk *chunk, CValue value)
             return i; // we already have a matching constant!
     }
 
-    cosmoM_freezeGC(state); // so our GC doesn't free it
+    cosmoV_pushValue(state, value); // push the value to the stack so our GC can see it
     appendValArray(state, &chunk->constants, value);
-    cosmoM_unfreezeGC(state);
+    cosmoV_pop(state);
+
     return chunk->constants.count - 1; // return the index of the new constants
 }
 
diff --git a/src/cchunk.h b/src/cchunk.h
index 0074135..dba00cd 100644
--- a/src/cchunk.h
+++ b/src/cchunk.h
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ void cleanChunk(CState *state, CChunk *chunk); // frees everything but the struc
 void freeChunk(CState *state, CChunk *chunk);  // frees everything including the struct
 int addConstant(CState *state, CChunk *chunk, CValue value);
 
+bool validateChunk(CState *state, CChunk *chunk);
+
 // write to chunk
 void writeu8Chunk(CState *state, CChunk *chunk, INSTRUCTION i, int line);
 void writeu16Chunk(CState *state, CChunk *chunk, uint16_t i, int line);
diff --git a/src/cvm.c b/src/cvm.c
index a43728d..1e5ac96 100644
--- a/src/cvm.c
+++ b/src/cvm.c
@@ -346,6 +346,7 @@ static bool rawCall(CState *state, CObjClosure *closure, int args, int nresults,
     return true;
 }
 
+// returns true if successful, false if error
 bool callCValue(CState *state, CValue func, int args, int nresults, int offset)
 {
 #ifdef VM_DEBUG
@@ -418,7 +419,8 @@ bool invokeMethod(CState *state, CObj *obj, CValue func, int args, int nresults,
 
 // wraps cosmoV_call in a protected state, CObjError will be pushed onto the stack if function call
 // failed, else return values are passed
-COSMOVMRESULT cosmoV_pcall(CState *state, int args, int nresults)
+// returns false if function call failed, true if function call succeeded
+bool cosmoV_pcall(CState *state, int args, int nresults)
 {
     StkPtr base = cosmoV_getTop(state, args);
 
@@ -434,25 +436,20 @@ COSMOVMRESULT cosmoV_pcall(CState *state, int args, int nresults)
                 cosmoV_pushValue(state, cosmoV_newNil());
         }
 
-        return COSMOVM_RUNTIME_ERR;
+        return false;
     }
 
-    return COSMOVM_OK;
+    return true;
 }
 
-/*
-    calls a callable object at stack->top - args - 1, passing the # of args to the callable, and
-   ensuring nresults are returned
-
-    returns:
-        COSMOVM_OK: callable object exited normally
-        COSMOVM_RUNTIME_ERR: an error occurred, grab the error from state->error
-*/
-COSMOVMRESULT cosmoV_call(CState *state, int args, int nresults)
+// calls a callable object at stack->top - args - 1, passing the # of args to the callable, and
+// ensuring nresults are returned
+// returns false if an error was thrown, else true if successful
+bool cosmoV_call(CState *state, int args, int nresults)
 {
     StkPtr val = cosmoV_getTop(state, args); // function will always be right above the args
 
-    return callCValue(state, *val, args, nresults, 0) ? COSMOVM_OK : COSMOVM_RUNTIME_ERR;
+    return callCValue(state, *val, args, nresults, 0);
 }
 
 static inline bool isFalsey(StkPtr val)
@@ -813,7 +810,7 @@ int cosmoV_execute(CState *state)
             {
                 uint8_t args = READBYTE(frame);
                 uint8_t nres = READBYTE(frame);
-                if (cosmoV_call(state, args, nres) != COSMOVM_OK) {
+                if (!cosmoV_call(state, args, nres)) {
                     return -1;
                 }
             }
@@ -1040,9 +1037,7 @@ int cosmoV_execute(CState *state)
                         cosmoV_pop(state); // pop the object from the stack
                         cosmoV_pushValue(state, val);
                         cosmoV_pushRef(state, (CObj *)obj);
-                        if (cosmoV_call(state, 1, 1) !=
-                            COSMOVM_OK) // we expect 1 return value on the stack, the iterable
-                                        // object
+                        if (!cosmoV_call(state, 1, 1)) // we expect 1 return value on the stack, the iterable object
                             return -1;
 
                         StkPtr iObj = cosmoV_getTop(state, 0);
@@ -1101,7 +1096,7 @@ int cosmoV_execute(CState *state)
                 }
 
                 cosmoV_pushValue(state, *temp);
-                if (cosmoV_call(state, 0, nresults) != COSMOVM_OK)
+                if (!cosmoV_call(state, 0, nresults))
                     return -1;
 
                 if (IS_NIL(*(cosmoV_getTop(
@@ -1332,20 +1327,23 @@ int cosmoV_execute(CState *state)
                 // compare & push
                 cosmoV_pushBoolean(state, cosmoV_equal(state, *valA, *valB));
             }
+            CASE(OP_LESS) :
+            {
+                NUMBEROP(cosmoV_newBoolean, <);
+            }
             CASE(OP_GREATER) :
             {
                 NUMBEROP(cosmoV_newBoolean, >);
             }
-            CASE(OP_LESS) :
+            CASE(OP_LESS_EQUAL) :
             {
-                NUMBEROP(cosmoV_newBoolean, <);
+                NUMBEROP(cosmoV_newBoolean, <=);
             }
             CASE(OP_GREATER_EQUAL) :
             {
                 NUMBEROP(cosmoV_newBoolean, >=);
             }
-            CASE(OP_LESS_EQUAL)
-                : {NUMBEROP(cosmoV_newBoolean, <=)} CASE(OP_TRUE) : cosmoV_pushBoolean(state, true);
+            CASE(OP_TRUE) : cosmoV_pushBoolean(state, true);
             CASE(OP_FALSE) : cosmoV_pushBoolean(state, false);
             CASE(OP_NIL) : cosmoV_pushValue(state, cosmoV_newNil());
             CASE(OP_RETURN) :
diff --git a/src/cvm.h b/src/cvm.h
index 74b86f1..96fab8a 100644
--- a/src/cvm.h
+++ b/src/cvm.h
@@ -21,16 +21,9 @@
 #    define VM_JUMPTABLE
 #endif
 
-typedef enum
-{
-    COSMOVM_OK,
-    COSMOVM_RUNTIME_ERR,
-    COSMOVM_BUILDTIME_ERR
-} COSMOVMRESULT;
-
 // args = # of pass parameters, nresults = # of expected results
-COSMO_API COSMOVMRESULT cosmoV_call(CState *state, int args, int nresults);
-COSMO_API COSMOVMRESULT cosmoV_pcall(CState *state, int args, int nresults);
+COSMO_API bool cosmoV_call(CState *state, int args, int nresults);
+COSMO_API bool cosmoV_pcall(CState *state, int args, int nresults);
 
 // pushes new object onto the stack & returns a pointer to the new object
 COSMO_API CObjObject *cosmoV_makeObject(CState *state, int pairs);